Quiz 1 Speech Science Flashcards
Define Mass and what it is measured in.
Amount of matter in an object- measured in kg or g
Define Force and what it is measured in
‘Any influence’ that changes an objects speed, direction or shape. Measured in Newtons or dynes
Define Weight and what it is measured in
The force of gravity on an object. Measured in Newtons
Define Volume and what it is measured in
The amount of “three dimensional space” occupied by something. Measured in Liters.
Define Density and its measurement
Mass of a substance per unit volume. Measured in grams/cm3, kg/m3 or g/ml
Define Speed and its measurement
How fast an object is moving. (Distance/Time)
measured in meters/second
Define Velocity
Same value as speed, but indicates direction.
Define Momentum
Mass x Velocity of an object in motion. (If an object is not in motion, the momentum is zero)
Define Acceleration
Change in Velocity over time (Newtons Second Law of Motion)
Define Inertia
The resistance of an object to an attempted change in its state of rest or motion. —–the resistance results from the object’s mass. –Force must be used to initiate or change an objects motion.
What is Work?
Force (Newtons) X Distance (Meters) *Measured in Joules
What is energy?
‘The ability to do work’ *Measured in Joules
What is Power?
Work done over time or energy used over time. *Measured in watts.
What is Intensity?
Power per unit of area and * measured in Watts per Sq.Meter
What is Brownian Motion?
Molecules of air are not stationary. - Radom movement of molecules
What is Air Pressure ?
Pressures in the lungs, trachea, and oral cavity are of interest in relation to speech production. *Indicated by P Pressure is a force that acts perpendicularly on a surface
What is Turbulent Flow?
Some impedance changes the course of how the flow of molecules, causing the flow to be less regular resulting in pockets of variation in air pressure (Ex. rough white water rafting)
What is Laminar Flow?
all the molecules move smoothly at a uniform speed and in a parallel direction
What is Compression?
An area of ‘high positive pressure’ created by molecules approaching each other and colliding. creating increased density.
What is Rarefaction?
an area of ‘low pressure’ created by molecules moving away from each other and decreased density of that area in that location.
How do the concepts of turbulent and laminar flow relate to production of consonants and vowels?
Vowels are produced with a relatively laminar flow of air and fricatives are produced with a more turbulent airflow.
Define Frequency and how is it related to sound?
rate of vibration of an object. The unit of measure is the hertz (Hz). Acoustically, a cycle of vibration consists of an increase in pressure from Pam(compression), a decrease in preassure back to Pam, A further decrease in pressure below Pam (rarefaction) and return to baseline Pam
Define Amplitude
Perceived as the loudness of sound.
What is Damping?
Damping is the decrease of amplitude and causes the molecules to settle down once again at their equilibrium positions.
What is Sound Absorption and Reflection?
o Sound absorption- is damping of a wave. We use certain materials to intentionally damp sound waves in a room.
o Sound Reflection – Sound that bounces back in the opposite direction from incoming sound wave
What is Sound Refraction and Diffraction?
o Sound Refraction – A change in wave direction due to air temperature
o Diffraction – a change in wave direction due to movement around an object or through an opening
What is Constructive and Destructive Interference?
o Constructive Interference- A combining of waves resulting in increased amplitude
o Destructive Interference – A combining of waves resulting in decreased amplitude
