Quiz 1 Speech Science

Question 1

Define Mass and what it is measured in.

Answer 1

Amount of matter in an object- measured in kg or g

Question 2

Define Force and what it is measured in

Answer 2

‘Any influence’ that changes an objects speed, direction or shape. Measured in Newtons or dynes

Question 3

Define Weight and what it is measured in

Answer 3

The force of gravity on an object. Measured in Newtons

Question 4

Define Volume and what it is measured in

Answer 4

The amount of “three dimensional space” occupied by something. Measured in Liters.

Question 5

Define Density and its measurement

Answer 5

Mass of a substance per unit volume. Measured in grams/cm3, kg/m3 or g/ml

Question 6

Define Speed and its measurement

Answer 6

How fast an object is moving. (Distance/Time)

measured in meters/second

Question 7

Define Velocity

Answer 7

Same value as speed, but indicates direction.

Question 8

Define Momentum

Answer 8

Mass x Velocity of an object in motion. (If an object is not in motion, the momentum is zero)

Question 9

Define Acceleration

Answer 9

Change in Velocity over time (Newtons Second Law of Motion)

Question 10

Define Inertia

Answer 10

The resistance of an object to an attempted change in its state of rest or motion. —–the resistance results from the object’s mass. –Force must be used to initiate or change an objects motion.

Question 11

What is Work?

Answer 11

Force (Newtons) X Distance (Meters) *Measured in Joules

Question 12

What is energy?

Answer 12

‘The ability to do work’ *Measured in Joules

Question 13

What is Power?

Answer 13

Work done over time or energy used over time. *Measured in watts.

Question 14

What is Intensity?

Answer 14

Power per unit of area and * measured in Watts per Sq.Meter

Question 15

What is Brownian Motion?

Answer 15

Molecules of air are not stationary. - Radom movement of molecules

Question 16

What is Air Pressure ?

Answer 16

Pressures in the lungs, trachea, and oral cavity are of interest in relation to speech production. *Indicated by P Pressure is a force that acts perpendicularly on a surface

Question 17

What is Turbulent Flow?

Answer 17

Some impedance changes the course of how the flow of molecules, causing the flow to be less regular resulting in pockets of variation in air pressure (Ex. rough white water rafting)

Question 18

What is Laminar Flow?

Answer 18

all the molecules move smoothly at a uniform speed and in a parallel direction

Question 19

What is Compression?

Answer 19

An area of ‘high positive pressure’ created by molecules approaching each other and colliding. creating increased density.

Question 20

What is Rarefaction?

Answer 20

an area of ‘low pressure’ created by molecules moving away from each other and decreased density of that area in that location.

Question 21

How do the concepts of turbulent and laminar flow relate to production of consonants and vowels?

Answer 21

Vowels are produced with a relatively laminar flow of air and fricatives are produced with a more turbulent airflow.

Question 22

Define Frequency and how is it related to sound?

Answer 22

rate of vibration of an object. The unit of measure is the hertz (Hz). Acoustically, a cycle of vibration consists of an increase in pressure from Pam(compression), a decrease in preassure back to Pam, A further decrease in pressure below Pam (rarefaction) and return to baseline Pam

Question 23

Define Amplitude

Answer 23

Perceived as the loudness of sound.

Question 24

What is Damping?

Answer 24

Damping is the decrease of amplitude and causes the molecules to settle down once again at their equilibrium positions.

Question 25

What is Sound Absorption and Reflection?

Answer 25

o Sound absorption- is damping of a wave. We use certain materials to intentionally damp sound waves in a room.
o Sound Reflection – Sound that bounces back in the opposite direction from incoming sound wave

Question 26

What is Sound Refraction and Diffraction?

Answer 26

o Sound Refraction – A change in wave direction due to air temperature
o Diffraction – a change in wave direction due to movement around an object or through an opening

Question 27

What is Constructive and Destructive Interference?

Answer 27

o Constructive Interference- A combining of waves resulting in increased amplitude
o Destructive Interference – A combining of waves resulting in decreased amplitude