quiz 1 review ( nucleic acids)

Question 1

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

What are the building blocks of both DNA and RNA?

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group

Question 4

What nitrogen bases are found in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 5

What nitrogen bases are found in RNA?

Answer 5

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 6

What are the basic steps in most molecular assays?

Answer 6

Extraction and purification of nucleic acid

Amplification of the target nucleic acid

Detection of the amplified target

Question 7

How are cloned DNA probes made?

Answer 7

Probe is inserted into plasmid vector and placed into bacterium which it replicates.

Question 8

What can probes be labeled with?

Answer 8

Radioactive element

Biotin

Enzyme

Question 9

High stringency occurs under which conditions?

Answer 9

Low salt concentration

High temperature

Presence of a denaturant (formamide)

Question 10

What is extracted in the Southern Blot method?

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

How are DNA fragments separated in the Southern Blot method?

Answer 11

Gel electrophoresis

Question 12

Which method is performed on cells, tissues or chromosomes fixed to
a microscope slide?

Answer 12

In situ hybridization

Question 13

Which method evaluates differences in DNA sequences by identifying
different lengths of DNA fragments?

Answer 13

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

Question 14

What is the most common method that uses target amplification?

Answer 14

PCR

Question 15

What are the 3 steps of each PCR cycle?

Answer 15

Denaturation

Primer annealing

Primer extension

Question 16

What is the end product of PCR?

Answer 16

Amplicon

Question 17

How are the end products of PCR analyzed

Answer 17

Gel electrophoresis

Question 18

What can cause false-positive results in PCR?

Answer 18

Contamination from carryover or the environment

Question 19

How can false positives in PCR be prevented

Answer 19

Have different rooms or benchtops for each process

Use aerosol-resistant pipette tips

Question 20

What is the name of the enzyme that extends primers on each

template strand in the PCR cycle?

Answer 20

Taq polymerase

Question 21

What characteristic does this taq polymerase have?

Answer 21

Thermostable

Question 22

Which molecular technique uses signal amplification?

Answer 22

Branched DNA assay

Question 23

Which molecular technique uses probe amplification?

Answer 23

Ligand chain reaction (LCR)