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1
Q

As the national government has grown stronger over time, the system has come to resemble:
a. a layer cake; because each level of government, national and state, is sovereign in its own sphere and
operates largely independently of the others
b. a layer cake; because in many policy areas, the national and state governments cooperate or share
resources
c. a marble cake; because in many policy areas, the national and state governments cooperate or share
resources
d. a marble cake; because each level of government, national and state, is sovereign in its own sphere and
operates largely independently of the others
e. a marble cake; because federal or state jurisdiction over policy areas is in flux and depends on the
solutions offered by the respective governments.
3. What does the supremacy clause declare?
a. The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution is final.
b. The president has supreme authority over the other branches of government.
c. The U.S. Constitution supersedes state and local laws.
d. The chief justice may override a presidential veto.
e. The House of Representatives is superior to the Senate.
4. What is the content and significance of the Tenth Amendment?
a. It states that no powers in the constitution shall be construed to disparage the rights of the people. It
prevents the federal government from claiming unreasonable power over its citizens.
b. It states that no powers in the constitution shall be construed to disparage the rights of the people. It has
been used as grounds for many successful voting rights movements in the past, including the
enfranchisement of women in the Nineteenth Amendment.
c. It states that all powers not enumerated to the federal government will be reserved for the states. It was
integral for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in assuaging the fears of the Anti-Federalists.
d. It guarantees citizens protection from unreasonable search and seizure. This amendment has upheld the
rights of accused criminals in numerous court cases since its establishment.
e. It states that all powers not enumerated to the federal government will be reserved for the states. It
prevented the growth of the federal government in the twentieth century.
5. A collective dilemma represents conflict between ________.
a. political groups attempting to achieve different policy goals
b. two or more individuals with different preferences about what course a group should pursue
c. group goals and individual goals
d. partisan economic interests and partisan moral values

A

c. a marble cake; because in many policy areas, the national and state governments cooperate or share
resources

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2
Q

A collective dilemma represents conflict between ________.
a. political groups attempting to achieve different policy goals
b. two or more individuals with different preferences about what course a group should pursue
c. group goals and individual goals
d. partisan economic interests and partisan moral values

A

c. group goals and individual goals

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3
Q

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of federalism in contrast to the confederal
system?
a. Subunit governments retain full sovereignty.
b. The national government cannot compel subunit governments to act.
c. United action requires voluntary compliance.
d. Subunit governments face serious collective action problems that inhibit them from achieving the
common good.
e. Subunit governments have constitutionally protected status

A

e. Subunit governments have constitutionally protected status

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4
Q

What is the content and significance of the Tenth Amendment?
a. It states that no powers in the constitution shall be construed to disparage the rights of the people. It
prevents the federal government from claiming unreasonable power over its citizens.
b. It states that no powers in the constitution shall be construed to disparage the rights of the people. It has
been used as grounds for many successful voting rights movements in the past, including the
enfranchisement of women in the Nineteenth Amendment.
c. It states that all powers not enumerated to the federal government will be reserved for the states. It was
integral for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in assuaging the fears of the Anti-Federalists.
d. It guarantees citizens protection from unreasonable search and seizure. This amendment has upheld the
rights of accused criminals in numerous court cases since its establishment.
e. It states that all powers not enumerated to the federal government will be reserved for the states. It
prevented the growth of the federal government in the twentieth century.

A

c. It states that all powers not enumerated to the federal government will be reserved for the states. It was
integral for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in assuaging the fears of the Anti-Federalists.

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5
Q

What does the supremacy clause declare?
a. The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution is final.
b. The president has supreme authority over the other branches of government.
c. The U.S. Constitution supersedes state and local laws.
d. The chief justice may override a presidential veto.
e. The House of Representatives is superior to the Senate

A

c. The U.S. Constitution supersedes state and local laws.

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6
Q

Which of the following types of grants are most favored by state governments because of the
flexibility that comes with their receipt?
a. Grants-in-aid
b. Categorical grant
c. Block grant
d. FDA grant
e. Pell grant

A

c. Block grant

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7
Q

The decisions in the court cases of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) can best
be described as decisions that favored what group?
a. The U.S. national government
b. State governments
c. Local businesses
d. The federal bureaucracy
e. Interest groups

A

a. The U.S. national government

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8
Q

What distinguishes a ballot initiative from a referendum?
a. Nothing. The terms are interchangeable.
b. A ballot initiative is financed by private citizens or organizations. A referendum is financed by the state.
c. A referendum is used to consider constitutional questions. A ballot initiative is used for ordinary
legislation.
d. A ballot initiative is used to consider changes to federal law. A referendum is used to consider changes
in state law.
e. A referendum considers legislation proposed by a legislature. A ballot initiative considers legislation
proposed directly by citizens

A

e. A referendum considers legislation proposed by a legislature. A ballot initiative considers legislation
proposed directly by citizens

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9
Q

How are state and national elections most similar?
a. In both cases, electoral districts must be drawn to represent populations of equal size.
b. In both cases, citizens elect officers like the secretary of state and attorneys general.
c. In both cases, citizens vote directly on laws through referendums or ballot initiatives.
d. In both cases, citizens vote to recall elected officials.
e. In both cases, citizens elect representatives who work full-time and year-round

A

a. In both cases, electoral districts must be drawn to represent populations of equal size.

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10
Q

Which is true of a state that has home rule as part of its constitution?
a. The federal government is forbidden from interfering with state-level decision making.
b. The state government is not bound by international treaties.
c. Major cities can make international trade agreements.
d. Local governments have wide authority.
e. State governments are forbidden from interfering in local decision making.

A

d. Local governments have wide authority.

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11
Q

what is a collective action problem

A

free-riding, work together but want to prioritize needs instead

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12
Q

what is a prisoners dilemma

A

neither has initiative to cooperate

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13
Q

what is a coordination problem

A

differnet options and cant agree

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14
Q

what are unstable coalitions ?

A

easily split into other groups

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15
Q

what are principle agent problems ?

A

“can i trust who i hired”

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16
Q

what do institutions do ?

A

provide stable rules for making and enforcing laws

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17
Q

what led to the revolution ?

A

raised taxes and restrictive laws, Boston Tea Party,

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18
Q

Who wrote the DOI and what are its 3 sections

A
  • Thomas Jefferson
    1. argument for rebellion: lack of consent of the governed
    2. political argument: aboslute tyranny
    3. formal declaration of independence
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19
Q

What are the AOC and what did it comprise of ?

A
  • 1ST u.s. governing doc
  • each state- 1 vote (9/13 necessary for leg), unanimous consent, state had more power (no central gov)
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20
Q

What plan benefited large states ? which small ?

A

Virginia plan. NJ plan

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21
Q

What did the constitutional convention discuss ?

A
  • revise AOC
  • individual liberty vs strong nat gov
    2. large vs small states
    3. slavery (how to count them): S. full seats, not taxes. N. fully
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22
Q

What was the Connecticut Compromise ?

A

House rep based on pop (salves = 3/5ths) . Senate- equal (2 per state)

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23
Q

What is the president and who elects them ? how many terms ?

A

head of executuve branch. electoral college. 2 4-year terms

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24
Q

What comprises congress and who elects them ? how many terms ?

A
  • House. 2-year termd
  • Senate: 6-year
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25
Q

What is the judicial branch and who elects them ? how many terms ?

A

federal courts headed by supreme court.
president nominates, senate approves.
serve for life

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26
Q

What is the supremacy clause ?

A

Constitution&raquo_space; all else

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27
Q

Who was against the constituition and why ?

A

antifederalists. fear for too strong fed gov

28
Q

What are the federalists papers ?

A

85 essays written by madison, hamilton, and jay arguing that stronger nat gov help solve collective dilemmas

29
Q

What is the 1st amendment ?

A

freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition

30
Q

What is the 2nd amendment ?

A

right to bear arms

31
Q

What is the 3rd amendment ?

A

no quartering of soldiers

32
Q

What is the 4th amendment ?

A

freedom from unreasonable search and seizure - warrant needed

33
Q

What is the 6th amendment ?

A

speedy and public trial by an impartial jury

34
Q

What is the 5th amendment ?

A

miranda rights

35
Q

What is the 7th amendment ?

A

trial by jury

36
Q

What is the 8th amendment ?

A

freedom from excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishment

37
Q

What is the 9th amendment ?

A

unenumerated rights

38
Q

What is the 10th amendment ?

A

powers reserved to the states

39
Q

What did robert a dahl state ?

A

the undemocratic element of the const.

40
Q

what did robert m. alexander state ?

A

arguments FOR the electoral college

41
Q

what did alexander state ?

A

arguments AGAINST the elctoral college

42
Q

what are the 3 types of federalism ?

A
  1. Dual federalism- separate spheres of power (cake-layers)
  2. cooperative federalism- shared spheres of power (marble)
  3. intergovernmentalism- shared spheres in particular policy areas
43
Q

what is federalism ? confederation ?

A

system of powers shared by 2+ levels of gov
the same but lower level gov retain full sovereignty (ex. AOC)

44
Q

what are the limits of federalism ?:
- article 1, section 10?
- article 4, section 2-4?
- article 6

A
  • “states cant…”
  • citizen equality, protect slaves, new states, republican form of gov
  • supremacy clause
45
Q

what’s unclear (amigious) about federalism ?
- Article 1, section 8 ?
- clause 3
- clause 18

A
  • “congress can…”
  • commerce clause
  • elastic clause (congr can pass laws necessary)
46
Q

which clauses/articles promote centralization of power ?

A
  • article 1, sect 10 (“states cant…”)
  • commerce clause
  • supremacy clause
  • elastic clause (congr can pass laws necessary)
47
Q

which clauses/articles promote decentralization of power ?

A
  • article 1, sect 9 (“congress cant…”)
  • BOR
  • 10th amendment (powers for the states)
48
Q

what are the responsibilities of the national government ?

A

national defense
currency
tariffs/trade
negotiate treaties

49
Q

what are the responsibilities of the state/local government ?

A

traffic regulation
education
zoning
marriage
insurance regulation

50
Q

what are the responsibilities of both the national government and state/local governmen?

A

social welfare
tax collection
research/devel
business regulation

51
Q

what court cases favored centralization of power / national gov ?

A

McColloch v Maryland
Gibbons v Ogden

52
Q

what court case favored decentralization of power / national gov ?

A

U.S. v Lopez

53
Q

What was the progressive era ?
- (year)
- amendments added

A

expansion of fed gov (regulation needs, breaking up monopolies, magaging food extraction)
- 1896-1913
- 16th (federal income tax) and 17th (direct senator election)

54
Q

What was the new deal era ? (year)

A

after the great depression
- passed the social security act
- 1933-1952

55
Q

What was the great society era ? (year, person)

A

greater role for fed gov (passed the civil rights act and voting rights act)
- 1964-1977
- Keneddy, Nixon (clear air act), and Johnson (war on poverty)

56
Q

what has happened to federalism since the 1990s ? what court cases or events ?

A
  1. balance has tipped back toward states
    - gun control: US v Lopez
    - health care: Nat Fed of Independence Business v Sebellius
    - immigration: U.S. v Texas
  2. recent federal gains
    - 9/11 attacks
    - 2008 economic collapse
57
Q

What are the different types of grants?

A
  • grants in aid: special projects
  • categorical grants: specific spending w/ conditions
  • revenue sharing: state/local gov partner to fund project
  • block grants: general funds and freedom to spend
58
Q

What are the 13th, 14th, 15th amendment ?

A

13- end slavery
14- citizenship
15- suffrage

59
Q

what are ballot initiatives ?

A

citizens propose new laws

60
Q

what are referendums ?

A

whole country votes on issue

61
Q

what are recall elections ?

A

unhappy with elected -> petition for new election

62
Q

What did Baker v Carr (“1 person, 1 vote”) and Wesberry v Sanders argue for ?

A

equal rep in state elections

63
Q

what is dillons rule ?

A

local gov have specific powers granted by state gov

64
Q

what is home rule?

A

local gov should have more control w/o interference

65
Q

what local government is in very small and large cities ? small to medium ?

A

mayoral. council-manager

66
Q

What does Kettl argue ?

A

the u.s. is the most unequal among rich countries