Quiz 1 - pt. 2 Flashcards
virtualization:
allows OS’s to run apps within other OS’s
OS natively compiled for CPU running guest OS’s also natively compiled.
ex:
- VMware running Win10 guests, each running apps, all on native Win10 host OS
- Virtual Machine Manager provides virtualization services
What are the 3 advantages of a multiprocessor system?
- increased throughout
- economy of scale
- increased reliability
multiprocessor systems:
AKA: parallel or multicore systems
two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices.
SMP:
Symmetric Multiprocessing
- all processors are equivalent
- each can do the same calculations
Two types of Multiprocessing:
- Asymmetric Multiprocessing
2. Symmetric Multiprocessing
multicore:
multiple cores on a single chip.
- can be more efficient than multiple chips with single cores
- on-chip is faster than between-chip communication
- uses less power than multiple single-core chips
multiprogramming:
need for efficiency! Increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute
- makes use of job scheduling
- when waiting, OS switches to another job
multitasking:
AKA: timesharing
logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running- creating
virtual memory allows:
execution of processes not completely in memory
Dual-mode:
allows OS to protect itself and other system components
mode bit:
added to the hardware of the computer to indicate the current mode
kernel(0) or user(1)
A single-threaded process has one specifying:
location of the next instruction to execute!
- process executes instructions sequentially until completion
security:
defense of the system against internal and external attacks
- DOS, works, viruses, identity theft, theft of service….
protection:
any mechanism for controlling access of processes (or users) to resources defined by the OS
privilege escalation:
allows user to change to effective ID with more rights
distributed systems (computing environments):
a collection of physical separate, possible heterogeneous, computer systems that are networked to provide users with access to true various resources that the system maintains
common networks:
- LAN: local-area network
- WAN: wide-area network
- MAN: metropolitan area network
- PAN: personal area network
real-time embedded:
has well-defined fixed constraints. The processing must be done within the constraint because the correct operation of the system only occurs if the constraints are met.
most prevalent form of computing
- car engines, DVD players, microwave ovens, etc.
client-server:
terminals connected to centralized systems.
- many systems are now servers, responding to requests generated by clients
- compute-server system
- file-server system
cloud computing:
type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and apps as service across a network!
- logical extension of virtualization
