Quiz 1 Notecards Flashcards
Functions of Blood
1) connective tissue
2) transports
3) stability of interstitial fluid
4) distributes heat
5) 8% of body weight
Red Blood Cell
1) Erythrocytes
2) Biconcave disc
3) 1/3 hemoglobin
4) Able to squeeze through capillaries
5) Lack nuclei and mitochondria
Red Blood Cell Negative Feedback Mechanism
- low blood oxygen causes kidneys/liver to release erythropoietin (EPO)
- stimulates RBC production
White Blood Cells
1) Are leukocytes
2) Protect against disease
3) There are 5 types:
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
Neutrophils
- First to arrive at infections
- Phagocytic
- 54% - 62% of leukocytes
- Elevated in bacterial infections
Monocytes
- largest of all blood cells
- become macrophages
- 3 - 9%
- phagocytic
Lymphocytes
- slightly larger than RBC
- T and B cells
- B cells produce antibodies
- 25 - 33%
Blood Platelets
1) Thrombocytes
2) help repair damaged blood vessels by sticking to broken surfaces
3) release serotonin which contracts smooth muscle, slowing down blood flow
Hemostasis
1) blood vessel spasm (triggered by serotonin/pain receptors)
2) platelet plug formation
3) blood coagulation (cascade, conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin)
-Good for stopping blood loss from small vessels
Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism
Tissue damage —-> (releases) thromboplastin factor III ——> converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot occurs)
Intrinsic Clotting- Mechanism
Blood contacts foreign surface ——> (activates) Hageman Factor XII ——-> converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot occurs)
Type A Blood
- has Antigen-A
- has Anti-B antibody
- can receive A & O
Type B Blood
- has Antigen-B
- has Anti-A antibody
- can receive B & O
Type O Blood
- no antigen/antibody
- universal donor
- can only receive O
Type AB Blood
- A & B antigen
- no antibodies
- universal acceptor
Rh-/+ Blood
- problems occur in mixing Rh+ (Antigen D present) blood into Rh- blood (no antigen D present, no antibodies)
- Antibodies develop in first pregancy if mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+
- Antibodies will kill second child
Rh-/+ Blood Pedigree
Mother-fetus incompatibility only occurs if mother is Rh- (dd) but father is Rh+ (DD or Dd)
Tricuspid valve
Prevents blood from moving from right ventricle into right atrium during ventricular contraction
Pulmonary valve
Prevents blood from moving from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Mitral valve
Prevents blood from moving from left ventricle into left atrium during ventricular contraction
Aortic valve
Prevents blood from moving from aorta into left ventricle during ventricular relxation
