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Neuro & OT > Quiz 1 - Neuro Overview > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Neuro Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

A

governs GI tract

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2
Q

What structure creates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

A

choroid plexus in the ventricles

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3
Q

What is the function of the dendrites on a neuron?

A

receive input

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4
Q

What is the function of the axons?

A

carry output

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5
Q

What are axon collaterals?

A

branches of an axon

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6
Q

Where does neuronal communication occur?

A

at the synapse

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7
Q

What is an action potential triggered by?

A

excitatory synaptic input

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8
Q

What do action potentials do?

A

travel along axon to communicate w/ next neuron through release of neurotransmitters at presynaptic terminal to bind w/ postsynaptic cell receptors

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9
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

surrounds + insulates axons

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10
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes (glial cells)

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11
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

schwann cells (glial cells)

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12
Q

What are the nodes of ranvier?

A

indents between myelin sheath along axon + allows action potential to move rapidly

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13
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

A

rapid communication between cells that either inhibit or excite

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14
Q

What is white matter made of + its function?

A

myelinated axons; passes messages throughout brain

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15
Q

What is gray matter made of + its function?

A

neuronal cell bodies; allows for processing info (movement, emotion + memory)

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16
Q

What are the names of white matter in the CNS?

A

tract, fascicle, lemniscus, bundle, commissure, afferent pathway, efferent pathway

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17
Q

What does the ANS control?

A

HR, sweating, smooth muscles of blood vessels, bronchi, sex organs, pupil

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18
Q

What occurs during fight or fight response?

A

pupil dilation, cardiac acceleration, inhibition of digestion

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19
Q

What occurs during rest and digest?

A

pupil constriction, bronchoconstriction, cardiac deceleration, salivation, intestinal vasodilation

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20
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system arise in the spinal cord?

A

T1-L3

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21
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system arise in the spinal cord?

A

S2-S4

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22
Q

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system release?

A

norepinephrine

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23
Q

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system release?

A

acetylcholine

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24
Q

What are the “bumps” in the cerebral cortex called?

A

gyri

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25
What are the crevices in the cerebral cortex called?
sulci
26
What fissure separates the brain hemispheres?
longitudinal fissure
27
What is another name for the primary motor cortex?
precentral gyrus
28
What is another name for the primary sensory cortex?
post central gyrus
29
What is the main tract for motor control?
corticospinal tract
30
Where does the corticospinal tract begin and cross over?
starts @ primary motor cortex; crosses @ pyramidal decussation of medulla
31
What does a lesion above the pyramidal decussation cause?
contralateral side weakness
32
Where do upper motor neurons (UMNs) synapse with lower motor neurons (LMNs)?
anterior horn of spinal cord
33
What is the function of the cerebellum and basal ganglia?
provide feedback by modulating output of corticospinal tract + receive input from motor cortex
34
What is the result of a lesion to the cerebellum?
ataxia
35
What is the result of a lesion to the basal ganglia?
hypokinetic = parkinson's (infrequent, slow, regid movements) hyperkinetic = huntington's (dancelike, involuntary, involuntary movements)
36
Where does sensory input go in the brain?
thalamus then cerebral cortex
37
What are the 2 main somatosensory pathways?
dorsal column pathways -> proprioception, vibration + fine discrimination touch anterolateral pathways -> pain, temp. + crude touch (spinothalamic tract)
38
What is somatic sensation?
conscious perceptions of touch, pain, temp., vibration + propioception
39
Where does the dorsal column system cross?
at the medulla
40
Where does the spinothalamic tract cross?
upon entering the spinal cord
41
What is the dorsal column pathway?
dorsal root ganglia -> spinal cord -> white matter -> medulla -> synapses w/ 2nd order sensory neuron -> crosses over -> thalamus -> 3rd order neuron -> primary somatosensory cortex in postcentral gyrus
42
What is the anterolateral pathway?
dorsal root ganglia -> spinal cord -> 2nd order neuron -> crosses over -> thalamus -> 3rd order neuron -> primary somatosensory cortex in postcentral gyrus
43
What structures make up the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus + epithalamus
44
What is the function of the thalamus?
relay info for almost all pathways to cerebral cortex
45
What is the monosynaptic stretch reflex?
provides rapid local feedback for motor control; protects against strain, tears + important for posture
46
What is the reticular formation and what does it do?
contains brainstem nuclei + involved in level of consciousness
47
What is the result of a lesion to the reticular formation?
lethargy or coma
48
What are the functions of the limbic system?
regulate emotions, memory, appetite, autonomic, neuroendocrine
49
What are the main parts of the limbic system?
amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyri, several nuclei in thalamus, hypothalamus + basal ganglia
50
What results from a lesion to the limbic system?
decreased memory, behavioral changes, seizures
51
What is the function of the association cortex?
carries out higher-order info processing contained mostly in frontal lobe (ex. speech + language)
52
What results from lesion to Wernickes area?
receptive aphasia
53
What results from lesion to Broca's area?
expressive aphasia
54
What is Gerstmann's Syndrome?
lesion to left parietal lobe; causes decreased calculations, right-left confusion, inability to identify fingers + difficultly w/ written language
55
What results from a lesion to the association cortex in frontal or parietal lobe?
apraxia -> motor planning difficulties
56
What is anosognosia?
lack of knowing possession of left hemi neglect
57
What results from a lesion to the association cortex in the frontal lobe?
primitive reflexes, personality changes, shifting gait, urinary incontinence
58
What is prosopagnosia?
can't recognize faces
59
What is achromatopsia?
can't recognize color
60
What is palinopsia?
reappearance of previously seen object

Neuro & OT (3 decks)

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