Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro & OT > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of a neuron?

A

sensation, movement, autonomic, and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 ways neurons communicate?

A

chemically + electronically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

clean CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do microglia do?

A

remove debris from dying cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

cover PNS somas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

line SC central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is neuroinflammation?

A

response to CNS infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What diseases cause excessive neuroinflammation?

A

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS, ALS, stroke, HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

destruction of ACh receptors which causes muscle weakness + paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 2 diseases/disorders are caused by dopamine levels?

A

Parkinson’s + schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What diseases/disorders are caused by glutamate levels?

A

Parkinson’s, schizophrenia + MDD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the result of low levels of GABA?

A

seizures, muscle spasms + anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the result of high norepinephrine levels?

A

PTSD + panic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the result of low serotonin?

A

depression + suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is habituation in neuroplasticity?

A

simplest form - decreased response to repeated stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is experience dependent plasticity?

A

long-lasting changes in strength of synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is excitotoxicity?

A

cell death caused by overexcitation of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What disorders result from cell death?

A

stroke, TBI, SCI, neuronal degenerative diseases, AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an axonal injury?

A

tearing of distal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do cells recover from injury?

A

altering synapses, reorganization, changing neurotransmitter release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the effects of rehabilitation on plasticity?

A

frequency, duration + intensity affect recovery of neural function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the parts of a neuro exam?

A

mental status, cranial nerves, motor exam, reflexes, coordination + gait, sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does mental status testing do?

A

test A&Ox3, memory, language, calculations, right-left confusion, finger agnosia, agraphia, apraxia, neglect, sequencing, logic, dellusions/hallucinations, mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does cranial nerve testing do?

A

test cranial nerves I - XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the process of motor testing?

A

observation, inspection, palpation, muscle tone testing, functional testing, muscle group strength,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does reflex testing do?

A

test deep tendon reflexes, plantar response, infant reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does coordination and gait testing do?

A

test ataxia, appendicular coordination, Romberg test, gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the sensory exam do?

A

light touch, pain, temp, vibration, joint position, 2 point discrimination, cortical sensation (tactile sensation, stereognosis, graphesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is computer tomography?

A

x-ray tech that measures tissue density best to detect hemorrhaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging?

A

no radiation, high-contract imaging of nervous system, best detects MS plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is magnetic resonance spectropscopy?

A

measures neurotransmitter related to tumors + seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A

assesses brain activity, best for epilepsy

33
Q

What are evoked potentials?

A

similar to EEG, measures brain activity in response to stimuli, helps diagnose MS, tumors + SCI

34
Q

What is a nerve conduction study?

A

measures amount of speed + electrical impulse through nerve, helps diagnose Guillian-Barre, carpel tunnel, herniated disc, sciatica

35
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

A

upper brachial plexus trunk injury cause by labor delivery or motorcycle accident, hands + fingers not affected

36
Q

What is Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

lower brachial plexus trunk injury caused by one arm hanging to create hand + finger weakness

37
Q

What is axillary neuropathy?

A

deltoid atrophy caused by humerus injury to create weak deltoid

38
Q

What is Parson-Turner Syndrome?

A

severe shoulder pain w/ unknown cause

39
Q

What is radial neuropathy?

A

weakness in arm extensors caused by radial nerve compression from crutch use

40
Q

What is median neuropathy?

A

sensory loss from median nerve caused by humerus or radial fracture

41
Q

What is ulnar neuropathy?

A

sensory loss of ulnar nerve caused by entrapment of ulnar nerve in elbow

42
Q

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

demyelination of PNS w/ unknown cause to create weakness that starts in LE, areflexia, dysautonomia

43
Q

How do you diagnose Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

EEG, nerve conduction study, spinal tap

44
Q

How do you manage Guillain-Barre?

A

plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin, OT (strengthening, energy conservation, adaptive equipment)

45
Q

What is menigitis?

A

inflammation of meninges caused by bacteria, drugs, or tumors through blood or skull fracture

46
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

A

fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of consciousness

47
Q

How do you diagnose meningitis?

A

physical exam or lumbar puncture

48
Q

How do you manage meningitis?

A

antibiotics - full recovery may leave deafness, seizures, paralysis, death

49
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

inflammation of brain caused by infection

50
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalitis?

A

fever, muscle aches, sore throat, cough, vomiting, headaches, seizures, psychosis, confusion

51
Q

How do you diagnose encephalitis?

A

physical exam, CT scan, lumbar puncture

52
Q

How do you manage encephalitis?

A

only medication for herpes encephalitis - monitor + support, residual complications may be seizures, memory problems, behavioral difficulties, coma

53
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

born w/ only brainstem as a result of cranial end of neural tube open caused by mother malnutrition or hypothermia + chromosomal abnormalities

54
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari malformation?

A

deformation of hindbrain

type 1 = no symptoms until adolescence/early adulthood (headaches, neck pain, loss of pain + temp sensation, CSF buildup

types 2 = symptoms in infancy (deafness, facial weakness, sternocleidomastoid muscle)

55
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

open spina cord at birth due to opening of lower neural tube

56
Q

What are the types of spina bifida?

A

occulta -> small opening of vertebrae w/ no damage to spinal cord

menigocele -> meninges protrude through opening of SC (little damage)

myelomeningocele -> nerves + meninges protrude (paralysis)

57
Q

What are the symptoms of spina bifida meylomeningocele?

A

paralysis, loss of sensation, loss of bowel + bladder, scoliosis,

58
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

demyelination of CNS

59
Q

What are the symptoms of MS?

A

fatigue, balance issues, weakness, loss of coordination

60
Q

What are the 3 types of MS?

A

relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive

61
Q

What are the symptoms of MS?

A

fatigue, pain or numbness, blurry/double vision, speech + swallowing difficulties

62
Q

How do you diagnose MS?

A

history, neuro exam, MRI, evoked potential

63
Q

What are the treatments for MS?

A

pharmaceutical, non-pharmaceutical, OT/PT

64
Q

What occurs at a C1-C2 injury?

A

death

65
Q

What occurs at a C4 injury?

A

ventilator

66
Q

What occurs at a C5 injury?

A

electric wheelchair, some arm use

67
Q

What occurs at a C6 injury?

A

drive w/ assistance, self feeding + dress w/ equipment, manual wheelchair

68
Q

What occurs at a C7-C8 injury?

A

can straighten arm, maybe independent w/ adaptations

69
Q

What occurs at a thoracic level injury?

A

paraplegia, some paralysis of trunk, arm weakness

70
Q

What occurs at a lumber level injury?

A

should be able to walk, may need braces or cane, bowel support, adaptive driving

71
Q

What occurs at sacral level injury?

A

little damage, no equipment needed, may need bowel support

72
Q

What are some complications w/ SCI?

A

pressure sores, spasticity, contractures, osteoporosis, chronic pain, cardiovascular problems, autonomic dysreflexia, thermoregulation difficulty, pneumonia, UTI, bowel complications, limited sensation

73
Q

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/ Lou Gehrig’s disease?

A

degeneration of motor neurons w/ no known cause

74
Q

What are some symptoms of ALS?

A

muscle weakness, slurred speech, spasticity, muscle atrophy, decreased dexterity

75
Q

How do you manage ALS?

A

coping, maintenance, comfort, stalling complications

76
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

degeneration of basal ganglia w/ unknown cause but decrease in dopamine

77
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A

tremors, rigidity, postural disturbance, akinesia, bradykinesia, cognitive + emotional changes

78
Q

How is Parkinson’s diagnosed?

A

observation of tremors, stiffness + slow movement; MRI to rule out

79
Q

How do you manage Parkinson’s?

A

focus on reducing effects, pharmaceutical (L-dopa), surgery, exercise, stretch, massage, AT, modifications

Neuro & OT (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions