QUIZ 1 - MT ( M1 & M2 ) Flashcards
Which branch of engineering focuses on soil and rock as foundation materials for structures?
Geotechnical Engineering
What field applies geological principles to engineering problems?
Engineering Geology
Which science studies Earth’s history, composition, and changes?
Geology
What forms from rock due to physical, chemical, and biological processes?
Soil
What phenomenon causes soil to lift on the downstream side of hydraulic structures due to excess water pressure?
Piping
What serves as the parent material for soil formation?
Rock
What is the molten solution from which igneous rocks originate?
Magma
What type of rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments?
Sedimentary Rocks
What property describes a material’s ability to resist sliding along internal surfaces?
Shear Strength
What type of rocks form through the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks?
Sedimentary Rocks
Which field studies Earth’s physical properties, such as density and magnetism?
Geophysics
What is the process of Earth’s surface being worn away, exposing lower layers?
Denudation
Which branch of geology is applied to mining operations?
Mining Geology
Which field examines rock deformation and arrangement?
Structural Geology
What process removes loose particles from an area by fast-moving winds?
Deflation
Which term describes a two-dimensional view of rock distribution?
Geologic Cross-section
Which field studies rock response to applied disturbances?
Rock Mechanics
Which term refers to a vertical slice view of Earth’s layers?
Geologic Cross-section
Which branch of geology studies the distribution and mobility of elements in Earth’s crust?
Geochemistry
What term describes wavy undulations in Earth’s crust due to horizontal compression?
Folds
What term refers to fine dust particles transported by wind over long distances?
Loess
What term describes a break in a rock mass without displacement?
Fracture
What are fractures in Earth’s crust where movement has occurred due to tectonic activity?
Faults
What is the surface along which fault movement occurs?
Fault Plane
Which branch of mechanics studies soil properties and strength?
Soil Mechanics
Which type of soil is highly permeable and compresses quickly compared to cohesive soils?
Cohesionless Soils
Who is known as the “Father of Modern Soil Mechanics”?
Karl von Terzaghi
What term describes the gradual compression of soil as water is expelled?
Consolidation
What term refers to the rating of an earthquake based on its surface effects?
Intensity
What is the opposite process of consolidation?
Swelling
What term refers to field and laboratory investigations of soil properties?
Soil Exploration
What type of slopes exist naturally without human intervention?
Natural Slopes
What term describes the point directly opposite the earthquake’s epicenter?
Anticenter
What is the steepest angle at which a rock layer inclines?
True Dip
What term describes the horizontal orientation of a dipping rock plane?
Strike
What type of sand dunes have a crescent shape?
Barchans
What is the interface between a structure and its supporting soil?
Foundation
What term refers to the inclination of an arbitrary line that is less than the true dip?
Apparent Dip
What field studies different types of foundations and their applications?
Foundation Engineering
Which footing consists of two footings connected by a beam?
Strap Footing
Which type of footing supports two or more columns in a row?
Combined Footing
Which large footing supports multiple columns in two or more rows?
Mat Foundation
What term describes the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces?
Disintegration
What applied science focuses on geology for safe and economical civil engineering design?
Engineering Geology
Which branch of geology studies Earth’s physical features?
Physical Geology
What field specializes in studying minerals?
Mineralogy
What field focuses on the study of rocks?
Petrology
Which field studies groundwater occurrence and movement?
Geohydrology
What term describes the natural decay and breakdown of rocks?
Weathering
What are elongated ridges of sand aligned with wind direction?
Longitudinal Dunes
What term describes the chemical breakdown of minerals to form new components?
Decomposition
What type of weathering involves chemical reactions between atmospheric gases and minerals?
Chemical Weathering
What process occurs when living organisms contribute to rock breakdown?
Biological Weathering
What process involves oxygen reacting with rock minerals?
Oxidation
What process describes water absorption into a rock’s chemical structure?
Hydrolysis
What diagram provides a 3D view of geological formations?
Block Diagram
What process is caused by carbonic acid in water degrading rock?
Carbonation
What type of fracture occurs without significant movement?
Joint
What term describes acid rain formation due to sulfur and nitrogen compounds?
Acid Rain
What are sand heaps formed by wind deposition called?
Sand Dunes
What term describes the movement of water through soil?
Seepage
What field applies geologic principles to rock mechanics and engineering?
Rock Mechanics
What type of dunes form perpendicular to wind direction?
Transverse Dunes
What term refers to an earthquake’s energy release measurement?
Magnitude
What type of earthquake results from crustal fault movements?
Tectonic Earthquakes
What earthquakes originate from volcanic eruptions or landslides?
Non-tectonic Earthquakes
Where does an earthquake originate underground?
Focus
What point on the surface lies directly above the earthquake’s focus?
Epicenter
What field studies rock layers and geological history?
Stratigraphy
What term describes the mechanical breakdown of rock masses?
Physical Weathering
