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GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the technical specialty that deals with soil and rock as supporting materials for structures.

A

Geotechnical Engineering

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2
Q

It is a basic science that is concerned with studying the history of the Earth. In short, it is the science of rocks and Earth’s processes.

A

Geology

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3
Q

It deals with the application of geologic fundamentals to engineering.

A

Engineering Geology

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4
Q

Example of application of engineering geology.

A

Mapping of active seismic faults

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5
Q

Are formed from rocks as it is acted upon by physical, chemical, and biological forces.

A

Soil

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6
Q

3 viewpoints

A
  1. Engineering Viewpoint
  2. Geological Viewpoint
  3. Pedological Viewpoint
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7
Q

Serve as a parent material for natural soil formation.

A

Rocks

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8
Q

The process by which the three main types of rock—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—change into one another

A

Rock Cycle

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9
Q

Have solidified from a molten or partly molten siliceous solution

A

Igneous Rocks

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10
Q

Molten solution is called?

A

Magma

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11
Q

Magma cools and solidifies in direct contact with the atmosphere

A

Extrusive

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12
Q

Cooling in the subsurface leads to an?

A

Intrusive Formation

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13
Q

Are naturally consolidated or unconsolidated transported materials.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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14
Q

Form as a result of subjecting igneous or sedimentary rocks to elevated temperature and pressure

A

Metamorphic Rocks

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15
Q

Igneous rocks comprise about 1.___
metamorphic rocks about 2.___
sedimentary rocks about 3.___

A

1.80%
2.15%
3.5%

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16
Q

Examples of ff.
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks

A
  1. Granite and Basalt
  2. Sandstone and Limestone
  3. Schist and Gneiss
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17
Q

Is the study of the ways in which rocks or sediments are arranged and deformed on the Earth.

A

Structural Geology

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18
Q

Rocks that are deposited in horizontal layers

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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19
Q

Any rock unit that is recognizable and mappable in the field is called?

A

Formation

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20
Q

Boundaries between formations are called?

A

Contacts

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21
Q

3 types of boundaries

A
  1. Depositional
  2. Erosional
  3. Structural
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22
Q

Two-dimensional view of rock distribution is called?

A

Map View

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23
Q

Is a view of a vertical slice of the earth.

A

Geologic Cross-section

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24
Q

Is a combination of those two representations and gives a 3-D view of formations and contacts.

A

Block Diagram

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25
Q

This view can reveal details of a structure not visible in map view, such as cross bedding.

A

Cross-sectional View

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26
Q

Are defined as wavy undulations developed in the rocks of the Earth’s crust due to horizontal compression

A

Folds

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27
Q

Rocks are bent around an imaginary line called

A

Fold Axis

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28
Q

Is where the continuity of the rock mass breaks

A

Fracture

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29
Q

This are fractures in the crustal strata along which appreciable shear displacement.

A

Faults

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30
Q

The fracture along which the shear displacement has taken place is called?

A

Fault plane

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31
Q

This term includes both fault plane and the displacement that has occurred along it.

A

Fault

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32
Q

Is a fracture where little or no movement has taken place.

A

Joint

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33
Q

Can occur in several sets and are approximately parallel within specific set.

A

Discontinuities

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34
Q

Is a material whose physical, mechanical property, etc., are not all the same in each direction.

A

Anisotropic

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35
Q

Is the surface/plane of separation between two series of rock beds/geological formations that belong to two different geologic ages

A

Plane of Unconformity or Unconformity

36
Q

Occurs when there is erosion of a layer or layers of deposited rock followed by the deposition of a new sedimentary rock on top

A

Unconformity

37
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded horizontal sedimentary layer

A

Disconformity

38
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded angular ( tilted or folded ) rock

A

Angular Unconformity

39
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded igneous or metamorphic rock

A

Nonconformity

40
Q

Is a branch of mechanics that studies the mechanical properties of various types of soil and its strength at different moisture-content levels

A

Soil Mechanics

41
Q

The father of Modern Soil Mechanics

A

Karl von Terzaghi

42
Q

Old proverb

A

stitch in time saves nine

43
Q

Is not a coherent solid material like steel and concrete

44
Q

Solid mass is generally a three-phase system

A

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

45
Q

The slow movement of water or other fluids through the pores and cracks within the soil

46
Q

Is a phenomenon by which the soil on the downstream sides of some hydraulic structures get lifted up to due to excess pressure of water

47
Q

The pressure that is exerted on the soil due to seepage of water is called

A

Seepage force or pressure

48
Q

The pressure transmitted through grain to grain at the contact points through a soil mass is termed

A

Intergranular or effective pressure

49
Q

If the force of the soil mass are filled with water and if a pressure induced into the pore water

A

pore water pressure or neutral stress

50
Q

What theory constant ratios between stresses and strains

A

elastic theory

51
Q

What are the formulas that are most widely used?

A

Boussinesq and Westergaard formulas

52
Q

This process involves a gradual compression occurring simultaneously with the flow of water out of the mass with the gradual transfer of the applied pressure from the poor to the mineral skeleton?

A

Consolidation

53
Q

The process of consolidation

54
Q

The ability to resist sliding along internal surfaces within a mass

A

Shear Strength

55
Q

The field and laboratory investigations required to obtain the essential information on the subsoil is called

A

Soil Exploration / Soil Investigation

56
Q

Are those that exist in nature and are formed by natural causes

A

Natural slopes

57
Q

It is used to designate a constant slope of infinite extent

A

Infinite slopes

58
Q

Slopes that are limited in extent

A

Finite slopes

59
Q

It is an extremely important consideration in design and construction of earth dams

A

Slope stability

60
Q

Resist movements because of their heavy sections they are built of mass concrete or stone or brick masonry. No reinforcement is required in this walls

A

Gravity walls

61
Q

This walls are not as heavy as gravity walls a small amount of rainforcement is used for reducing the mass of concrete

A

Semi gravity walls

62
Q

Are similar to cantilever walls except that the stem of the walls spans horizontally between the vertical brackets as counterforts

A

Counterfort walls

63
Q

Are walls to counterfort walls, except the brackets or buttress walls are provided on the opposite side of the backfill

A

Buttressed Walls

64
Q

Walls that are more flexible than the other types

A

Sheet Pile Walls

65
Q

The earth materials that constitute the relatively thin outer shell

66
Q

Materials are made up of small crystalline units

67
Q

Is the subject concerned with the study of the response of rock to an applied disturbance caused by natural or engineering processes.

A

Rock Mechanics

68
Q

Deals with the engineering applications of the basic principles and the information available in the subjects of engineering geology and rock mechanics in an economic way

A

Rock Engineering

69
Q

Applies to a large extent of rock

70
Q

Also known as true dip, is the steepest inclination of the plane to the horizontal

71
Q

Is the inclination of any arbitrary line on the plane to the horizontal.

A

Apparent Dip

72
Q

Is the trace of the dipping plane with the horizontal reference plane.

73
Q

Is the direction of the horizontal trace of the line dip

A

Dip direction/dip azimuth

74
Q

Is the interface between a superstructure and its supporting soil

A

Foundation

75
Q

Is the study of different types of foundation and their proper applications

A

Foundation Engineering

76
Q

A footing normally comprises two footings connected to a beam

A

Cantilever Footing

77
Q

Is a special case of combined footing

A

Strap footing

78
Q

Is a long footing supporting two or more columns in one row

A

Combined Footing

79
Q

Is a large footing, usually supporting several columns in two or more rows

A

Mat or raft foundations

80
Q

Are normally used where the soil is close to the ground surface

A

Shallow Foundations

81
Q

Are used in foundations to take normally loads and small lateral loads

A

Vertical piles

82
Q

Batter piles are also called?

A

Inclined piles or Raker piles

83
Q

Drilled pier foundation, belongs to the same category

A

Pile Foundations

84
Q

Soil Improvement is frequently termed as

A

soil stabilization

85
Q

Methods of Soil Improvement

A
  1. Mechanical Compaction
  2. Dynamic Compaction
  3. Vibroflotation
  4. Preloading
  5. Sand and Stone Columns
  6. Use of Admixtures
  7. Injection of suitable grouts
  8. Use of geotextiles

GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers (4 decks)

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