QUIZ 1: Measurements and Vectors, Significant Figures, Vectors and 1D Kinematics Flashcards
Measurements that are based on human body dimensions or common movements. They are often used in informal contexts or historical settings.
E.g. handspan, cubit, arm span, pace, foot span.
These measurements are inaccurate due to variability among individuals, lack of universal standards, inconsistent application, and their practical rather than precise nature.
Non-standardized measurements
➔ Also referred to as imperial units
➔ Traditionally used in the US and some other countries
➔ E.g. inch, pound, yard, square foot, cup,
English measurements
➔ A measurement system acknowledged internationally.
➔ Decimal-based
➔ Originated in France
Metric Units
The difference between the measure/estimated value from the true value.
Error
this error refers to consistent, repeatable inaccuracies in measurements that occur due to flaws in the measurement process or equipment.
Systematic Error
How many sf? 33.2
3 sf
All non-zero numbers are significant.
Determining the weight using equipment with using your judgment as a second opinion
Judgement uncertainty
➔ the variability in measurements that arise from unpredictable fluctuations and uncertainties inherent in any measurement process.
➔ E.g. these errors on a weighing scale can occur due to air currents, such as from an air conditioner, which can cause fluctuations in the weight reading. These variations are unpredictable and can lead to inconsistent results.
Random error
Ensuring that the measurement instrument is correctly set to zero before taking readings.
Zeroing uncertainty
How many sf? 2051
4 sf
Zeros between two non-zero digits are significant.
How many sf? 0.0032
2 sf
Leading zeros are not significant.
How many sf? 92.00
4 sf
Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal
are significant.
How many sf? 540.
3sf
Trailing zeros in a whole number with the
decimal shown are significant.
How many sf? 540
2 sf
Trailing zeros in a whole number with no decimal shown are not significant.
How many sf? 1
infinite sf
Exact numbers have an infinite number of significant figures.
How many sf? 6.02 x 10^23
3 sf
For a number in scientific notation: N x 10x , all digits comprising N are significant by the first 6 rules; “10” and “x” are not significant. 23
➔ ____ quantities have magnitude but no
direction
➔ E.g. volume, area, energy, work, pressure
Scalar
indicates the direction in which the vector is pointing.
head of the arrow
➔ _____ quantities have both magnitude
and direction
➔ E.g. displacement, velocity, momentum,
force, lift, thrust
➔ Represented with the use of arrows
Vector
represents the starting point or origin of the vector.
tail of the arrow
represents the magnitude of the vector
length of the arrow
Kelvin to Celsius
𝐶 = 𝐾 − 273. 15
Fahrenheit to Celsius formula
TC = 5/9 (𝑇𝐹 − 32)
Cardinal directions
North, South, East, West
Celsius to Fahrenheit
( 9/5 𝑇𝐶) + 32
● Resultant vector / resultant (FR)
➔ Vector sum of 2 or more vectors; produces the same combined effect
● Equilibrant vector (FE)
➔ Same magnitude compared to the resultant vector but in the opposite direction.
Vector Addition
Celsius to Kelvin
K = C + 273.15
The order in which you add
numbers does not change the
sum.
A+B=B+A
Commutative Property
the way in which numbers are grouped when adding does not change the sum.
(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)
Associative Property
Illustrating given vectors on a cartesian plane to visualize where the resultant vectors are located.
Graphical Method
: Vectors are connected at the tail at the same point of origin
: You create a parallelogram by drawing imaginary lines parallel to each vector. Once these imaginary lines meet, a diagonal line from the same origin is drawn to the point of intersection of the imaginary lines. This diagonal line is the
Parallelogram method / tail to tail method
: Because a polygon can really be formed when the resultant vector is drawn (from origin of the first vector to the tip of the final vector).
: Head-to-tail since the head of the first vector is connected to the tail of the second vector
Polygon method / head-to-tail method
➔ Used when it is already confirmed that the given vectors form right angles which means they can also form right triangles
★ pythagorean theorem: used when there are right triangles present
Analytical method
used to find the missing side or angle of a right triangle
SOHCAHTOA
➔ Identifying the x and y component of each vector
➔ most convenient method because there is no need to draw vectors
★ rectangular resolution
★ vector addition
Component Method
➔ The state of being stretched tight.
➔ The force that a string or rope exerts.
➔ Applies action-reaction repair.
➔ Ex: tug of war, hanging objects, pulleys.
Tension
➔ Conducting of experiments
➔ Use of motion sensors, force tables, etc.
Experimental Method
➔ Always the direct opposite of the weight of the object.
➔ The perpendicular contact force that a surface exerts on another surface.
➔ As we walk on the ground, we exert force unto it but the ground also exerts the same amount of force unto us; this is an example of normal force.
Normal force
➔ The force that opposes the motion of an object
➔ Refers to the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, material elements sliding against each other
Friction
➔ The rotational equivalence of force.
➔ A force applied to a point on an object about the axis of rotation.
Torque
The study of the motion of objects
Mechanics
a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of objects using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations.
Kinematics
Motion of an object
along a straight line.
Rectilinear motion
in a vacuum space,
anything you drop will fall at the same time. But in reality, whatever has less resistance which may be through taking up less surface area will reach the ground first
Free fall motion
Motion of an object along a curved path
Curvilinear motion
When an object is
thrown at different angles, it can result to
different projections.
Projectile motion
when you twirl something around, you have to maintain constant force for its path to be uniform.
Uniform circular motion
➔ How much ground an object has covered
➔ How far you have traveled regardless of direction
➔ Total ground covered
➔ SI unit: meters (m)
Distance
➔ How far out an object is.
➔ Where you are (direction) in relation to where you started.
➔ Total straight-line distance from the start to the end position.
Displacement
