Electrical Circuits Flashcards
Any path along which current and electrons can flow.
Electrical circuits
The maximum potential difference across
the terminals is provided and maintained by the_________-. This maximum potential difference is usually indicated on batteries.
Electromotive force
Two or more loads are linked across a single loop of wire.
Components are connected end to end.
Series circuit
The same current flows through all components. Theoretically, the current across a ______ circuit has the same value
series
Voltage across each component is the same in a _____ circuit
parallel
➔ Different loads are situated on
different wire loops
➔ Components are connected
across the same voltage source.
Parallel Circuit
Supplies power to the electric circuit.
Battery
Connects other components; act as conductors for electric current to flow in the circuit.
Connecting wires
Impede the flow of electric current.
Resistance
➔ Any component or device that consumes electrical power.
➔ It converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, such as light, heat, or mechanical motion.
Load
A material’s tendency to resist the flow of electric charges.
Resistance
The difference in potential energy between two points in the electric circuit.
Voltage
The presence and flow of electric charges.
Electricity
➔ Any material that allows electricity current to pass through.
➔ E.g. copper, aluminim, steel
Conductor
➔ Any material that does not allow electricity currents to pass through
➔ E.g. plastic, rubber, glass, cloth, wood
Insulator
Defined as the electric potential produced by either electrochemical cell or by changing the magnetic field
Electromotive force (EMF)
The energy change in a ____ reflects the conversion of stored chemical energy into electrical energy, without violating the principle of conservation of energy
battery
energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Law of conservation of energy
Potential difference formulae
V = E/Q and 1V = 1J/C
➔ A flow of charged particles or current
➔ Current in a metal is due to the movement
of electrons
Electric current
Current is measured using a/an ______
Ammeter
Ampere
A = C/s
_________ is present in any medium
that allows charged particles to move, enabling the transfer of electrical energy.
Electrical current
______ is the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a power source.
Conventional current
the flow of electric charge assumed to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
Direct current
the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.
Alternating current
The opposition to the flow of the current
resistance
If the length of the conductor increases, the resistance will (increase/decrease)
Increase
A longer conductor provides more opportunity for collisions between electrons and atoms, impeding flow.
The larger the cross sectional area, the resistance will (increase/decrease)
Decrease
Metals have (high/low) resistance
Low
Insulators (like rubber) have (high/low) resistance
High due to their atomic structure
Property of conductor due to which it offers resistance to the flow of current through it.
Resistivity (P)
The better the conductor the (higher/lesser) resistance
lesser
SI unit for Resistivity
ohm-meter
Component that limits or regulates flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit
Resistor
First color band of a resistor represents…
First digit
Second color band of a resistor represents…
Second digit
Third color band of a resistor represents…
Multiplier
Fourth color band of a resistor represents…
Tolerance
The higher the electrical potential difference or voltage between two points in a circuit, the more charges can move between these points
Ohm’s law
Energy per unit time
Power (Watt)
The power times the number of hours is
the energy consumed per
kilowatt-hour
Unit used in electrical energy costs
kilowatt hour (kWh)
If temperature increases, resistance will (Increase/decrease)
Increase
Higher temperatures cause increased atomic vibrations, which obstruct the flow of electrons, leading to higher resistance
