Quiz 1(Lectures 1-4)

Question 1

Chemical Sensors

Answer 1

• Transforms chemical info into analytically useful signal
• Recognition and transduction
• Ex- ph meter

Question 2

Concentration Transducer

Answer 2

Is able to Transduce but not recognize (ex gas sensor)

Question 3

Sensing Element

Answer 3

is the for chemical sensors which detects what is present (only detects)

Question 4

Biosensor

Answer 4

• Tells bio-comp, structure, function
• biological response to eletrical signal

Question 5

Molecular sensors (advanced analytical reagents)

Answer 5

devices that can Recognize but not able to transduce

Question 6

Biosensor components

Answer 6

a. recognition element
b. tranducer
c. amplifier
d. processor
e. display

Question 7

BRE

Answer 7

Tells concentration structure and function (does more then just detecting)

Question 8

Recognition receptors

Answer 8

the molecules that activates the
surface to bind to a certain analyte
(ex antibody)

Question 9

Sites

Answer 9

Specific places on surface on recognition element with a higher affinity to analyte of interest

Question 10

analyte

Answer 10

part of sample you are interested in

Question 11

recognition by affinity reactions

Answer 11

-very common in biological systems
- reversible bonding (non covalent bonds)
(ex antibody antigen reactions)

Question 12

stability constant

Answer 12

tells the strength of the complex in afinity reactions

Question 13

Other recognition methods

Answer 13

Ion recognition
Recognition by enzyme
recognition by nucleic acid
recognition by cells and tissue

Question 14

4 types of assays

Answer 14

direct binding
sandwich
displacement
replacement

Question 15

direct binding

Answer 15

immunoassay- antibody in solution binds to imobalized antigen
hybridization assay - DNA in solution bind to imobalized complementary DNA

Concentration increase Intensity increaser

Question 16

Sandiwch assay

Answer 16

for low molecular weight antigens that produce low signals, the double antibodies boost,

concentration increase intensity increase

Question 17

Displacement assay

Answer 17

product starts in solution
analogue antigen is immobilized then antibodies that are bound are alowed to bind with other antigens

concentration increases intensity decreases

Question 18

replacement assay

Answer 18

RI lets go while real antigen binds
able to tell based on adsorbance of RI

Concentration increases intenisty decreases

Question 19

transduction methods

Answer 19

Chemical transduction- change in chem comp
thermometric transduction- change in temp
mechanical transduction- change in mass of sensing element

Question 20

Sensor configuration

Answer 20

goal- marketable product
simple, robust, easy to use

Question 21

Dip-in-probe sensor

Answer 21

Cant be reused
need batch reproducibility

Question 22

Implantable sensor

Answer 22

invassive
expensive
need recalibration/ reconditioning

Question 23

absolute analytical method

Answer 23

sensor parameters are determined by physiochemical laws and general constraints (ex gas constant, faradays law)

Question 24

direct reference measurement

Answer 24

used when mathematical form of calibration is known

Question 25

indirect reference measurement

Answer 25

when mathematical form is unknown

Question 26

figures of merit

Answer 26

tells how much a sensor fits the expected performance

Question 27

confidence interval (figure of merit)

Answer 27

assement of quality in analytical results (reliabilty of results)

Question 28

Reliability (figure of merit)

Answer 28

accuracy- 1:1 comparison
trueness- how close avg. is to actual
precision- similar conditions but by different people

Question 29

repeatability

Answer 29

maintenece of calibration parameters on identical samples in identical conditions

Question 30

reproducibility

Answer 30

ability to give similar results under different conditions

Question 31

selectivity

Answer 31

ability to a sensor to determine without interferance

Question 32

sensitivity

Answer 32

change in the response by a unit variation of concentration

Question 33

response time

Answer 33

time since addition of analyte to time of a constant value

Question 34

Linearity

Answer 34

max linear value of the sensor calibration curve.

Question 35

LOD

Answer 35

lowest possible value for reliable results

Question 36

LOQ

Answer 36

more reliable results are obtained

Question 37

dynamic range

Answer 37

between lod and lol

Question 38

flexability of a biosensor

Answer 38

ability to use different transduction methods

Question 39

how to characterize a biosensor (4 ways)

Answer 39

• portable vs. implantable
• smart vs. dip-in-probe
• recognition methods
• transduction methods

Question 40

examples of electrochemical transduction methods

Answer 40

potentiometric
piezoeletric
conductimetric

Question 41

examples of optical transduction methods

Answer 41

scattering
photon counting
absorbance

Question 42

examples of acoustic/ gravimetric

Answer 42

surface photo-acoustic wave

Question 43

flow analysis systems

Answer 43

fall into MEMS catagory

Question 44

4 catagories of industry where it can be used

Answer 44

flow analysis
enviormental
food industry
defense

Question 45

structural analysis

Answer 45

what it looks like
ex. electron miscroscopy, mass spec, x-ray

Question 46

Function analysis

Answer 46

how you know it bonded
ex. affinity chromotography, immunology

Question 47

drawbacks to structural and functional

Answer 47

structural- static/ frozen in time
functional- too slow to follow binding process in real time, requires labeling

Question 48

Things that can complicate binding process

Answer 48

mass transport, non-specific binding, crowding