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VAH Lecture > Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-3) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-3) Flashcards

1
Q

what facters contribute determining the degree of restrant needed

A
  • Minimal vs. maximal
  • Grooming vs. Surgery
  • Degree of Invasiveness
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2
Q

what is behaviour

A

is an act done by an animal. An animal does not exhibit a behavioural act without a reason, although the reason may not be obvious to humans

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3
Q

how does behaviour occur

A

for any behaviour to occur there must be a stimulus, some internal or external change that exceeds a threshold and causes stimulation of the nervous and or endocrine system

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4
Q

4 factors that effect handling

A
  • Human presence
  • Novelty
  • Isolation from social group
  • Pain, disease status and intense visual, auditory or olfactory stimulus
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5
Q

what is fear

A

intermediate factor between stimuli and corresponding behaviour

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6
Q

what is important to remember about fear and stress

A

Stress and fear are co-dependent but often overlap

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7
Q

give example of stimuli

A
  • Human presence
  • Novelty
  • Social isolation
  • Perceived pain
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8
Q

what are 3 behavioural responses

A
  • attack
  • escape
  • freezing
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9
Q

what are 3 internal factors that influence fear state during handling

A
  • gender effects
  • early experience
  • personality
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10
Q

give an example of gender effect

A

a male dog who acts aggressive around another male dog

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11
Q

give an example of early experience

A

a dog who was never taken to the vet as a puppy

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12
Q

what are personality factors

A
  • passive or active (flee or fight)

- unresponsive or uncooperative

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13
Q

what is the window of opportunity

A
  • the time in which you have to perform a procedure before they become aggressive or uncooperative
  • there is more than 1 window of opportunity with out animals
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14
Q

what is the golden rule when it comes to handling

A

When handling you want to use the least amount of handling as possible for the maximum effectivness

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15
Q

what is fight or flight

A
  • an animal present with a stimuli internalizes it as fear and reacts in fight or flight.
  • If flight is not an option it becomes fight.
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16
Q

what is novelty

A
  • the presence of an unfamiliar object in an area with which the animal is familiar
  • dog not liking a Christmas tree
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17
Q

how can you help with novelty and ex

A

when the environment itself is novel , this fear can be lessened by familiar objects
- bringing a blanket from home

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18
Q

who is an animals social group

A

the family or people it lives with

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19
Q

what is imprinting

A

a pattern of behavior that bonds a dog to it’s care taker

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20
Q

why is it important for puppies to stay in there litters for 12 weeks

A

-because they are learning so much from their mother and litter mates
-Most important period for behaviour development
3-12 weeks

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21
Q

what is Anthropomorphism

A

giving animals human traits

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22
Q

what do we take into consideration when deal with painful animals

A
  • animal in pain can have more propecity to bite
  • grabbing an affected leg
    animal may go for hand
  • Fear from handling may make animal appear not in pain
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23
Q

what ways can we make restraint positive (4)

A
  • Decrease length of restraint exposure
  • Be predictable with potential fear and stress stimuli
  • Behaviour modification - pleasant interaction
  • Computerized handling- farm animals
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24
Q

Restraint considerations: environmental

A
  • moving cat from a barking dog
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25
Q

Restraint considerations: behavioural

A
  • not getting a puppy all wild up before taking blood
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26
Q

Restraint considerations: Hierarchical

A
  • understand the totem pole of where each animals stands)
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27
Q

Restraint considerations: health status

A
  • should we restrain in this area is it safe
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28
Q

Restraint considerations: humane

A
  • starting with minimal restraint, giving you and the animal a break when needed
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29
Q

restraint tools (7)

A
  • Psychological restraint
  • Diminishing sense perceptions
  • Confinement
  • Extension of arms
  • Physical barriers
  • Physical force
  • Chemical restraint
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30
Q

what is a Psychological restraint

A

asking a dog to sit

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31
Q

what is aggressive behaviour

A

intends to harm another individual (animal on animal, animal on human)

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32
Q

what is agonistic behaviour

A

behavioural traits displayed when presented with a conflict

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33
Q

agonistic behaviour symptoms

A
  • Submission
  • avoidance
  • escaping
  • offensive or defensive threats
  • offensive or defensive aggression
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34
Q

Types of aggression (4)

A
  • Fearful
  • Territorial
  • Conflict related
  • Maternal
  • Intermale
  • Pain induced
  • Interfemale
  • Predatory
  • Play-related
  • Redirected
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35
Q

dogs are mostly aggressive towards ________

A

people especially kids

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36
Q

cats are mostly aggressive towards _______

A

other cats

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37
Q

what is a puppy test

A

matching a puppy needs with your own activity level and lifestyle

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38
Q

what is post pubertal castration

A

neutering later to prevent joints and bones because they are able to grow completely

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39
Q

what is the sensitive socialization period for dogs

A

3-12 weeks

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40
Q

what is the sensitive socialization period for cats

A

2-7 weeks

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41
Q

restraint definition

A

to hold back, check or suppress action; to keep something under control or to deprive of physical freedom.

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42
Q

chemical restraint

A
  • use of pharmaceuticals

- to aid control

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43
Q

manual restraint

A
  • use of personnel and physical barriers
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44
Q

3 indications for restraint

A
  • Control animal for a procedure.
  • Prevent animal from harming itself.
  • Prevent animal from harming itself due to a procedure.
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45
Q

what must you take into considerations before handling

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Condition
  • Personality
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46
Q

what is danger potential

A

Main means of defense is to retreat- but will fight if not able to escape

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47
Q

what are a dogs weapons

A
  • teeth designed to crush and tear

- nails

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48
Q

what is important to do before handling

A

note behaviour BEFORE

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49
Q

3 types of canine behaviour categories

A
  • Balanced Temperament
  • Aggressive, Outgoing, Dominant
  • Submissive , nervous, fear aggress
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50
Q

what does a friendly, submissive dog look like

A
  • Wagging tail,
  • slightly lower cocked head
  • initiate affection
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51
Q

bite potential for a friendly, submissive dog

A

likely will not bite unless handled too aggressively or cornered

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52
Q

general approach to any dog

A
  • extend hand out
  • palms down
  • fingers slightly bent
  • allow dog to approach and smell
  • observe dogs reaction
  • avoid direct eye contact
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53
Q

how to approach a friendly, submissive dog

A
  • Talk to dog, say its name

- Approach quietly and confidently

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54
Q

what does a nervous/fearful dog look like

A
  • Ears drawn down
  • white around the pupil of their eyes
  • not making eye contact
  • cowering
  • shivering
  • rapid head and ear movement
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55
Q

what may a nervous/fearful dog do

A

May urinate/ defecate, release anal glands

56
Q

bite potential of nervous/fearful dog

A

if feels threatened will often bite

57
Q

what does a fear aggressive dog look like

A
  • Gaze averted off to side
  • Tail straight out, down or tucked under body
  • ears down
  • growling
  • head below shoulders
58
Q

bite potential of a Fear Aggressive dog and aggressive dog

A

high

59
Q

how should we treat fear aggressive dogs

A

should be treated as aggressive

60
Q

what will fear aggressive dogs try and do

A

Will try to flee

61
Q

how to reduce fleeing potential

A
  • reduce/block potential escape routes

- keep hands on at all times

62
Q

how should you approach a fear aggressive dog

A
  • Calm confident slow deliberate movement
  • reduce stressful stimuli and noises, and unpredictability, -talk with calming tones
  • be gentle
  • less is more.
63
Q

what to do if the dog flees

A

If fleeing do not attempt to grab- these animals have very high potential to bite the hand that is preventing them to escape

64
Q

how many people should be in the room with a fear aggressive dog

A

2

65
Q

what should you ask the O to do before coming to the clients with any type of aggressive dog

A

apply muzzle

66
Q

what does an aggressive dog look like (8)

A
  • Head held low either below or level with the dogs shoulders or high and forward
  • Gaze adverted or level stare
  • Raised hair along back
  • ears down/or forward
  • tails straight out/ sometimes wagging
  • growling
  • snarl
  • sometimes rigid
67
Q

can you offend and aggressive dog?

A

Can take offence to looks directly into their eyes or straight on approach.

68
Q

where do you stand when confronting an aggressive dog and why

A
  • Stand sideways, do not face dog straight on- provoking behaviour,
  • May react to a if feels challenged
69
Q

where should you keep aggressive dogs

A

lower cages

70
Q

how should all aggressive dogs be treated

A

should be approached with the knowledge that they may bite

71
Q

how many people should restrain an aggressive dog

A

2

72
Q

5 characteristics of puppies

A
  • Full of energy
  • Hyper
  • Very low tolerance for staying still
  • Very sharp teeth
  • Like to chew
73
Q

what must you remember when handling puppies

A
  • MUST BE WATCHED CONSTANTLY

- Hand must always be on them when on exam table or counter top

74
Q

what to do if the puppy is squirming

A

lift and hold close to your body

75
Q

what do we aim for during a vet visit with a puppy

A

Try to make a positive experience, foundation for further visits

76
Q

how should you behave while restraining the puppy (2)

A
  • Praise good behaviour with vocal ques and treats

- Be calm and in control, do not get puppy riled up before procedure

77
Q

what must be taken into consideration when dealing with sick/surgical patients (4)

A
  • Depends on surgery illness
  • Is this animal zoonotic?
  • Is this animal contagious to other animals
  • Animals recovering from surgery- can alter behaviour
78
Q

how to approach sick/surgical patients (4)

A
  • Be aware of IV line and surgical sites
  • Understand how that animal is ill- read the file
  • Take personal precautions- PPE
  • May need to use muzzle
79
Q

how to treat pregnant females (2)

A
  • Obvious abdominal considerations

- After having puppies may be protective

80
Q

what are 3 things you should be aware of when handling pregnant/mother dogs

A
  • May not be comfortable in sternal recumbency
  • Swollen mammary glands
  • Be very aware of where your hands are and how much pressure
81
Q

what typically happens to a mothers behaviour after the puppies are born

A

she becomes protective

82
Q

what should be done if a mother dog needs a procedure to be done

A

May need to be seperated from pups if you need to do something with the, mum

83
Q

what problems can older dogs have

A
  • Arthritic
  • Deaf
  • Blind
84
Q

how should you approach a blind dog

A

-allow to smell hand and speak to it before touching -Keep hands on animal

85
Q

what are general rules apply when handling older dogs (4)

A
  • GENTLE
  • Take caution when maneuvering
  • Slow
  • You cater to their needs
86
Q

how should you approach a deaf dog

A

allow dog to smell your hand, make sure dogs sees you before contact

87
Q

what should one remember when handling an injured dog (2)

A
  • Very careful not to move too much

- May bite out of pain

88
Q

what happens when there is an airway injury

A

airway injury watch pressure on chest

89
Q

what happens when there is an laceration

A

watch where you put your hands

90
Q

what happens when there is a neck/back injury

A

very careful when lifting

91
Q

what may you need to do with injuries dogs

A

muzzles just as a precaution

92
Q

how many people should restrain an injured animal and what should you avoid

A
  • 2 or more people

- Careful not to jar or twist body

93
Q

name 6 restraint devices

A
  • Leash
  • Gauntlet
  • Muzzle
  • Capture pole
  • Voice
  • Towels and Blankets
94
Q

types of leashes (3)

A
  • Slip leash
  • Rope leash
  • Nylon leash
95
Q

what are gauntlets

A

protective gloves

96
Q

when can you use a glaze muzzle

A

for short procedures

97
Q

when should one muzzle ideally

A

at home before coming to the clinic

98
Q

what can also be used as a muzzle

A

elizabethan collar

99
Q

what shouldn’t you do when talking to a dog

A

NO puppy talk

100
Q

what do towels/blanket do

A
  • Reduce stimuli

- Use as barrier between human and animal

101
Q

4 steps to follow before removing an animal from a cage

A
  • Secure the room.
  • Asses the behavior before you touch them.
  • Check their chart.
  • Ready supplies.
102
Q

3 steps to follow when removing a dog from a cage

A
  • Block door with knee or forearm
  • Slip leash around neck
  • Secure door with leg
103
Q

what should you remember when removing a dog from an upper cage (3)

A
  • Hold close to your body
  • Put dog on floor
  • Do not allow dog to jump out of cage
104
Q

what shouldn’t you do in a run

A

Do not lock your self in a cage with a animal as they may perceive this as challenging.

105
Q

what should you do before putting an aggressive in a cage

A

Sedate or muzzle BEFORE placing in enclosure

106
Q

steps for removing an aggressive dog from cage

A
  • Stand behind door
  • Open door slightly
  • Slip leash over head as dog exits enclosure
107
Q

what kind of dogs need to be lifted with 2 people

A

large dogs

108
Q

which of the 2 people stays with the animal

A

person in the front

109
Q

IM injection sites

A
  • SMST (back of leg)
  • Lumbar (sides of spine)
  • Bicep (top side of front leg)
110
Q

IV injection sites

A
  • Cephalic (front paw)
  • Sephenous (back leg)
  • Lateral saphenous (outside of back leg)
  • Jugular (neck)
111
Q

sub Q injection sites

A
  • shoulders
  • hips
  • flanks (between ribs and hip)
112
Q

golden rule about standing restraints

A

If the animals head standing on a table is taller than yours you switch to the floor

113
Q

what is a standing restraint used for? (4)

A
  • Physical examinations
  • rectal temperatures
  • anal sac expression
  • vaginal smears
114
Q

when is a corner restraint used

A

with very large dogs

115
Q

what procedures do you use sitting or sternal recumbency for (6)

A
  • Blood collection
  • IV injections
  • nail trimming
  • oral and ophthalmic examination
  • medication
  • some radiographs
116
Q

what procedures do you use lateral recumbency (6)

A
  • Urinary catheterization
  • radiographs
  • suture removal
  • ECGs,
  • access to lateral saphenous vein
  • nail trims
117
Q

what side of the animal goes on the table is you want a left lateral saphenous vein

A

left side

118
Q

what must you do before you put a dog into dorsal recumbency

A

Place first in lateral recumbency

119
Q

what procedures do you use dorsal recumbency (4)

A
  • Radiography
  • cystocentesis
  • jugular blood collection (not typical)
  • surgury
120
Q

name 6 distraction techniques

A
  • Caveman pat (lower back only good for larger. Dogs or animals)
  • Ear Scratch
  • Pen Tap (good for aggressive dogs)
  • Treats (good for puppies)
  • Voice
  • Scruff wiggle (good for cats)
121
Q

what restraints are best for Sub Q injections

A
  • standing

- sternal

122
Q

where do you start a physical exam

A

cranial to caudal (head to tail)

123
Q

TPR means

A

temperature
pulse
respiration

124
Q

normal canine temp

A

37.5-39ºC

125
Q

normal canine heart rate

A
  • 70-100bpm>25kg (larger)

- 90-160bpm <25kg (smaller)

126
Q

what restraint should you get a temp in

A

standing

127
Q

what restraint should you get a pulse in

A

standing or sternal

128
Q

what us a normal resp rate

A

8-20 rpm

129
Q

what restraint should be used getting a resp rate

A

none

130
Q

what restraint should be used for: SMST

A
  • bear hug in standing

- lateral

131
Q

what restraint should be used for: lumbar

A
  • sternal make sure they are square

- standing bear hug

132
Q

what restraint should be used for: bicep

A
  • standing bear hug

- lateral

133
Q

what restraint should be used for: cephalic

A

-standing or sitting

134
Q

what restraint should be used for: jugular

A

same as cephalic

135
Q

where should you stand when restraining for a cephalic blood draw or injection

A

on the opposite side of the paw you want

136
Q

what is important to remember about getting a lateral saphenous

A

whatever leg you need make sure that one is on top

VAH Lecture (4 decks)

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