Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-3) Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
what facters contribute determining the degree of restrant needed
A
- Minimal vs. maximal
- Grooming vs. Surgery
- Degree of Invasiveness
2
Q
what is behaviour
A
is an act done by an animal. An animal does not exhibit a behavioural act without a reason, although the reason may not be obvious to humans
3
Q
how does behaviour occur
A
for any behaviour to occur there must be a stimulus, some internal or external change that exceeds a threshold and causes stimulation of the nervous and or endocrine system
4
Q
4 factors that effect handling
A
- Human presence
- Novelty
- Isolation from social group
- Pain, disease status and intense visual, auditory or olfactory stimulus
5
Q
what is fear
A
intermediate factor between stimuli and corresponding behaviour
6
Q
what is important to remember about fear and stress
A
Stress and fear are co-dependent but often overlap
7
Q
give example of stimuli
A
- Human presence
- Novelty
- Social isolation
- Perceived pain
8
Q
what are 3 behavioural responses
A
- attack
- escape
- freezing
9
Q
what are 3 internal factors that influence fear state during handling
A
- gender effects
- early experience
- personality
10
Q
give an example of gender effect
A
a male dog who acts aggressive around another male dog
11
Q
give an example of early experience
A
a dog who was never taken to the vet as a puppy
12
Q
what are personality factors
A
- passive or active (flee or fight)
- unresponsive or uncooperative
13
Q
what is the window of opportunity
A
- the time in which you have to perform a procedure before they become aggressive or uncooperative
- there is more than 1 window of opportunity with out animals
14
Q
what is the golden rule when it comes to handling
A
When handling you want to use the least amount of handling as possible for the maximum effectivness
15
Q
what is fight or flight
A
- an animal present with a stimuli internalizes it as fear and reacts in fight or flight.
- If flight is not an option it becomes fight.
16
Q
what is novelty
A
- the presence of an unfamiliar object in an area with which the animal is familiar
- dog not liking a Christmas tree
17
Q
how can you help with novelty and ex
A
when the environment itself is novel , this fear can be lessened by familiar objects
- bringing a blanket from home
18
Q
who is an animals social group
A
the family or people it lives with
19
Q
what is imprinting
A
a pattern of behavior that bonds a dog to it’s care taker
20
Q
why is it important for puppies to stay in there litters for 12 weeks
A
-because they are learning so much from their mother and litter mates
-Most important period for behaviour development
3-12 weeks
21
Q
what is Anthropomorphism
A
giving animals human traits
22
Q
what do we take into consideration when deal with painful animals
A
- animal in pain can have more propecity to bite
- grabbing an affected leg
animal may go for hand - Fear from handling may make animal appear not in pain
23
Q
what ways can we make restraint positive (4)
A
- Decrease length of restraint exposure
- Be predictable with potential fear and stress stimuli
- Behaviour modification - pleasant interaction
- Computerized handling- farm animals
24
Q
Restraint considerations: environmental
A
- moving cat from a barking dog
25
Restraint considerations: behavioural
- not getting a puppy all wild up before taking blood
26
Restraint considerations: Hierarchical
- understand the totem pole of where each animals stands)
27
Restraint considerations: health status
- should we restrain in this area is it safe
28
Restraint considerations: humane
- starting with minimal restraint, giving you and the animal a break when needed
29
restraint tools (7)
- Psychological restraint
- Diminishing sense perceptions
- Confinement
- Extension of arms
- Physical barriers
- Physical force
- Chemical restraint
30
what is a Psychological restraint
asking a dog to sit
31
what is aggressive behaviour
intends to harm another individual (animal on animal, animal on human)
32
what is agonistic behaviour
behavioural traits displayed when presented with a conflict
33
agonistic behaviour symptoms
- Submission
- avoidance
- escaping
- offensive or defensive threats
- offensive or defensive aggression
34
Types of aggression (4)
- Fearful
- Territorial
- Conflict related
- Maternal
- Intermale
- Pain induced
- Interfemale
- Predatory
- Play-related
- Redirected
35
dogs are mostly aggressive towards ________
people especially kids
36
cats are mostly aggressive towards _______
other cats
37
what is a puppy test
matching a puppy needs with your own activity level and lifestyle
38
what is post pubertal castration
neutering later to prevent joints and bones because they are able to grow completely
39
what is the sensitive socialization period for dogs
3-12 weeks
40
what is the sensitive socialization period for cats
2-7 weeks
41
restraint definition
to hold back, check or suppress action; to keep something under control or to deprive of physical freedom.
42
chemical restraint
- use of pharmaceuticals
| - to aid control
43
manual restraint
- use of personnel and physical barriers
44
3 indications for restraint
- Control animal for a procedure.
- Prevent animal from harming itself.
- Prevent animal from harming itself due to a procedure.
45
what must you take into considerations before handling
- Size
- Shape
- Condition
- Personality
46
what is danger potential
Main means of defense is to retreat- but will fight if not able to escape
47
what are a dogs weapons
- teeth designed to crush and tear
| - nails
48
what is important to do before handling
note behaviour BEFORE
49
3 types of canine behaviour categories
- Balanced Temperament
- Aggressive, Outgoing, Dominant
- Submissive , nervous, fear aggress
50
what does a friendly, submissive dog look like
- Wagging tail,
- slightly lower cocked head
- initiate affection
51
bite potential for a friendly, submissive dog
likely will not bite unless handled too aggressively or cornered
52
general approach to any dog
- extend hand out
- palms down
- fingers slightly bent
- allow dog to approach and smell
- observe dogs reaction
- avoid direct eye contact
53
how to approach a friendly, submissive dog
- Talk to dog, say its name
| - Approach quietly and confidently
54
what does a nervous/fearful dog look like
- Ears drawn down
- white around the pupil of their eyes
- not making eye contact
- cowering
- shivering
- rapid head and ear movement
55
what may a nervous/fearful dog do
May urinate/ defecate, release anal glands
56
bite potential of nervous/fearful dog
if feels threatened will often bite
57
what does a fear aggressive dog look like
- Gaze averted off to side
- Tail straight out, down or tucked under body
- ears down
- growling
- head below shoulders
58
bite potential of a Fear Aggressive dog and aggressive dog
high
59
how should we treat fear aggressive dogs
should be treated as aggressive
60
what will fear aggressive dogs try and do
Will try to flee
61
how to reduce fleeing potential
- reduce/block potential escape routes
| - keep hands on at all times
62
how should you approach a fear aggressive dog
- Calm confident slow deliberate movement
- reduce stressful stimuli and noises, and unpredictability, -talk with calming tones
- be gentle
- less is more.
63
what to do if the dog flees
If fleeing do not attempt to grab- these animals have very high potential to bite the hand that is preventing them to escape
64
how many people should be in the room with a fear aggressive dog
2
65
what should you ask the O to do before coming to the clients with any type of aggressive dog
apply muzzle
66
what does an aggressive dog look like (8)
- Head held low either below or level with the dogs shoulders or high and forward
- Gaze adverted or level stare
- Raised hair along back
- ears down/or forward
- tails straight out/ sometimes wagging
- growling
- snarl
- sometimes rigid
67
can you offend and aggressive dog?
Can take offence to looks directly into their eyes or straight on approach.
68
where do you stand when confronting an aggressive dog and why
- Stand sideways, do not face dog straight on- provoking behaviour,
- May react to a if feels challenged
69
where should you keep aggressive dogs
lower cages
70
how should all aggressive dogs be treated
should be approached with the knowledge that they may bite
71
how many people should restrain an aggressive dog
2
72
5 characteristics of puppies
- Full of energy
- Hyper
- Very low tolerance for staying still
- Very sharp teeth
- Like to chew
73
what must you remember when handling puppies
- MUST BE WATCHED CONSTANTLY
| - Hand must always be on them when on exam table or counter top
74
what to do if the puppy is squirming
lift and hold close to your body
75
what do we aim for during a vet visit with a puppy
Try to make a positive experience, foundation for further visits
76
how should you behave while restraining the puppy (2)
- Praise good behaviour with vocal ques and treats
| - Be calm and in control, do not get puppy riled up before procedure
77
what must be taken into consideration when dealing with sick/surgical patients (4)
- Depends on surgery illness
- Is this animal zoonotic?
- Is this animal contagious to other animals
- Animals recovering from surgery- can alter behaviour
78
how to approach sick/surgical patients (4)
- Be aware of IV line and surgical sites
- Understand how that animal is ill- read the file
- Take personal precautions- PPE
- May need to use muzzle
79
how to treat pregnant females (2)
- Obvious abdominal considerations
| - After having puppies may be protective
80
what are 3 things you should be aware of when handling pregnant/mother dogs
- May not be comfortable in sternal recumbency
- Swollen mammary glands
- Be very aware of where your hands are and how much pressure
81
what typically happens to a mothers behaviour after the puppies are born
she becomes protective
82
what should be done if a mother dog needs a procedure to be done
May need to be seperated from pups if you need to do something with the, mum
83
what problems can older dogs have
- Arthritic
- Deaf
- Blind
84
how should you approach a blind dog
-allow to smell hand and speak to it before touching -Keep hands on animal
85
what are general rules apply when handling older dogs (4)
- GENTLE
- Take caution when maneuvering
- Slow
- You cater to their needs
86
how should you approach a deaf dog
allow dog to smell your hand, make sure dogs sees you before contact
87
what should one remember when handling an injured dog (2)
- Very careful not to move too much
| - May bite out of pain
88
what happens when there is an airway injury
airway injury watch pressure on chest
89
what happens when there is an laceration
watch where you put your hands
90
what happens when there is a neck/back injury
very careful when lifting
91
what may you need to do with injuries dogs
muzzles just as a precaution
92
how many people should restrain an injured animal and what should you avoid
- 2 or more people
| - Careful not to jar or twist body
93
name 6 restraint devices
- Leash
- Gauntlet
- Muzzle
- Capture pole
- Voice
- Towels and Blankets
94
types of leashes (3)
- Slip leash
- Rope leash
- Nylon leash
95
what are gauntlets
protective gloves
96
when can you use a glaze muzzle
for short procedures
97
when should one muzzle ideally
at home before coming to the clinic
98
what can also be used as a muzzle
elizabethan collar
99
what shouldn't you do when talking to a dog
NO puppy talk
100
what do towels/blanket do
- Reduce stimuli
| - Use as barrier between human and animal
101
4 steps to follow before removing an animal from a cage
- Secure the room.
- Asses the behavior before you touch them.
- Check their chart.
- Ready supplies.
102
3 steps to follow when removing a dog from a cage
- Block door with knee or forearm
- Slip leash around neck
- Secure door with leg
103
what should you remember when removing a dog from an upper cage (3)
- Hold close to your body
- Put dog on floor
- Do not allow dog to jump out of cage
104
what shouldn't you do in a run
Do not lock your self in a cage with a animal as they may perceive this as challenging.
105
what should you do before putting an aggressive in a cage
Sedate or muzzle BEFORE placing in enclosure
106
steps for removing an aggressive dog from cage
- Stand behind door
- Open door slightly
- Slip leash over head as dog exits enclosure
107
what kind of dogs need to be lifted with 2 people
large dogs
108
which of the 2 people stays with the animal
person in the front
109
IM injection sites
- SMST (back of leg)
- Lumbar (sides of spine)
- Bicep (top side of front leg)
110
IV injection sites
- Cephalic (front paw)
- Sephenous (back leg)
- Lateral saphenous (outside of back leg)
- Jugular (neck)
111
sub Q injection sites
- shoulders
- hips
- flanks (between ribs and hip)
112
golden rule about standing restraints
If the animals head standing on a table is taller than yours you switch to the floor
113
what is a standing restraint used for? (4)
- Physical examinations
- rectal temperatures
- anal sac expression
- vaginal smears
114
when is a corner restraint used
with very large dogs
115
what procedures do you use sitting or sternal recumbency for (6)
- Blood collection
- IV injections
- nail trimming
- oral and ophthalmic examination
- medication
- some radiographs
116
what procedures do you use lateral recumbency (6)
- Urinary catheterization
- radiographs
- suture removal
- ECGs,
- access to lateral saphenous vein
- nail trims
117
what side of the animal goes on the table is you want a left lateral saphenous vein
left side
118
what must you do before you put a dog into dorsal recumbency
Place first in lateral recumbency
119
what procedures do you use dorsal recumbency (4)
- Radiography
- cystocentesis
- jugular blood collection (not typical)
- surgury
120
name 6 distraction techniques
- Caveman pat (lower back only good for larger. Dogs or animals)
- Ear Scratch
- Pen Tap (good for aggressive dogs)
- Treats (good for puppies)
- Voice
- Scruff wiggle (good for cats)
121
what restraints are best for Sub Q injections
- standing
| - sternal
122
where do you start a physical exam
cranial to caudal (head to tail)
123
TPR means
temperature
pulse
respiration
124
normal canine temp
37.5-39ºC
125
normal canine heart rate
- 70-100bpm>25kg (larger)
| - 90-160bpm <25kg (smaller)
126
what restraint should you get a temp in
standing
127
what restraint should you get a pulse in
standing or sternal
128
what us a normal resp rate
8-20 rpm
129
what restraint should be used getting a resp rate
none
130
what restraint should be used for: SMST
- bear hug in standing
| - lateral
131
what restraint should be used for: lumbar
- sternal make sure they are square
| - standing bear hug
132
what restraint should be used for: bicep
- standing bear hug
| - lateral
133
what restraint should be used for: cephalic
-standing or sitting
134
what restraint should be used for: jugular
same as cephalic
135
where should you stand when restraining for a cephalic blood draw or injection
on the opposite side of the paw you want
136
what is important to remember about getting a lateral saphenous
whatever leg you need make sure that one is on top
