Final Breeds and Physical Exam Flashcards
what is Canada’s registry of pedigreed cats called
CCA - Canadian Cat Association
when did the CCA start
1960
how many breeds does the CKC have
175
group 1
sporting
group 2
hounds
group 3
working
group 4
terriers
group 5
toys
group 6
non-sporting
group 7
herding
Sporting group dogs (3)
- retrievers
- spaniels
- setters
hound group dogs (3)
- hounds
- saluki
- beagle
working group dogs
- mountain dogs
- akita
- samoyed
terrier group dogs
- west highland white terrier
- irish terrier
- bull terrier
toy group dogs
- pug
- maltese
- havanese
non-sport dog group
- French bulldog
- shih tzu
- Dalmatian
herding dog group
- German
- welsh corgi
- shetland sheepdog
TPR means
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
TPR is considered
vital signs
what are vital signs
evaluate the current state of the animals health
when should TPR be taken
- every time an animal presents in hospital
- pre and post op - before atheistic
how is temperature measured
rectally using a rectal probe thermometer
rectal temps are the most _____
accurate
how can you minimize disease transmission
when taking temp
Use a protective cover
______ is important for ease of insertion
lube
2 thing to remember about temp
- Go slowly
- Be prepared for a response from patient
what is Hyperthermic
higher than normal temperature
reason for Hyperthermic (4)
- Fever
- pain
- over handling
- stress
what is Normothermic
normal temperature
what is Hypothermic
lower than normal tempurature
reasons for Hypothermia (3)
- can be the health status of the animal
- poor blood profusion
- post surgery
canine temp
37.5°C - 39°C
feline temp
38°C - 39°C
what does the pulse rate reflect
the ability of the heart to pump blood through the body
where do you Auscultate
directly over the sternum
how to Auscultate
Move chest piece gradually up to the left side and back over to the right side
why do you Auscultate both sides
LISTEN TO BOTH SIDES for IRREGULARITIES
what postion should patients be in for auscultation
sternal
how to count for Auscultation
Count number of beats for 15 seconds and multiple by 4
Problems with Auscultation:
very fast or slow HR
puppies or kittens
Problems with Auscultation:
purring
turn on tap to stop purring
Problems with Auscultation:
panting
close their mouth
Problems with Auscultation: technique
stethoscope placement
Problems with Auscultation: defects
abnormal heart rhythm
which types of animals may it be hard to do an auscultation on
- Deep chested animals
- Obese animals
where to find pule
Pulses are generally palpated by way of femoral artery
what should you also do while palpating
Always ausculate the heart while palpating
poor blood profusion =
low heart rate
poor blood pressure = (2)
- anemia
- low blood volume
what is considered an emergency: (4)
trauma, internal bleeding, heart attack, stroke
what does the Absence of femoral pulse indicate
- poor blood profusion
- low blood pressure
- some state of emergency
- poor technique
Hypotension
low blood pressure
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Tachycardic
higher than normal heart-rate
Bradycardic
lower than normal heart-rate
causes for Bradycardic
anthestic
causes for Tachycardic (3)
- stress
- pain
- disease
you should _______ the heart rhythm
evaluate
rhythm should be _______
regular
what should you check the rhythm for
- pulse deficits
- arrhythmias
- murmurs
Arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
sinus arrhythmia
Slight increase upon inhalation and decrease upon exhalation of the rhythm of the heart
sinus arrhythmia is ______ in canines
normal
what are Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)
When there is an extra heart beat.
when does PCV occur
Can occur before a heart attack
what is a Gallop rhythm
3-4 heart sound that sound like a gallop
when does Gallop rhythm occur
Can occur before heart failure
what is Arterial fibrillation
Hearts two upper chambers are beating chaotically and erratically
when does Arterial fibrillation occur
Can occur before a stroke.
normal feline HR
150-210 bpm
canine less than 25kg
90-160 bpm
canine more than 25kg
70-100 bpm
how to take resp rate
Place the stethoscope over the chest, count the number of resps in 10-15 seconds and multiply by the appropriate amount
what should you note before manipulation or stress
before manipulation or stress
resp rate
you should get the rest rate where
on the left and right side
how should you count respect rates first
counted visually first, followed by auscultation to evaluate lung sounds
Tachypnea
Fast resp rate
5 causes of Tachypnea
- stress
- pain
- lack of CO2
- disease
- medication (prescription)
Bradypnea
Slow resp rate
4 causes of Bradypnea
- atheistic
- close to dying animals
- medications
- disease satus
Apnea
No resp rate
2 causes of apnea
- meds used before intubation or for deep sedation
- when an animal dies
quality of breath example (3)
- Thoracic vs. abdominal breathing
- Deep vs. shallow
- Crackle/ wheezing/ gurgling
feline resp
8-30 breaths/min
canine resp
8-20 breaths/min
what is the goal of testing mucous membrane
to assess perfusion status
pink gums is ____
normal
pink gums are healthy meaning
Adequate perfusion to peripheral tissues
pale gums indicate
Anemia or poor perfusion
causes of pale gums
- Blood loss
- shock
blue/grey gums indicate
- Cyanosis
- inadequate oxygenation
causes of blue/grey gums
Hypoxemia
what do brick red gums indicate
Hyperdynamic perfusion dilation
causes of brick red gums
- Early shock
- sepsis
- fever
- systemic inflammatory response
- hyperthermia
CRT means
Capillary Refill Time
normal CRT (felines and canines)
<2s is NORMAL
where can you also asses CRT
Under eyes you can check for colour and state
checking CRT
Assess on mucus membrane by pressing on the gums for 1 second and noting the amount of time needed for the color to return
what is a Skin Turgor used for
Asses hydration status
normal skin turgor
<2s is NORMA
how to skin turgor
- Grab skin near shoulders or hips
- Create skin tent
- Asses time it takes for the skin to go back into place
when should you Assess mention
prior to AND during interaction with the animal
flat
out of it, little movement, close to unresponsive
Dysphoria
state of confusion, right after surgery
Unresponsive
stimulating but is unresponsive – EMERGENCY
5 goals of an exam
- To assess “true” values
- Decrease stress
- Minimal to no restraint when possible
- Quick and accurate
- Always report abnormal values
