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Animal Science > Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-2) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-2) Flashcards

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1
Q

morrill act year

A

1862

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2
Q

The morrill act was signed into law by

A

abraham lincoln

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3
Q

purpose of the morrill act

A

grant federal land money to each state to establish colleges - make college education available to general public

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4
Q

hatch act year

A

1887

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5
Q

hatch act purpose

A

establish agricultural experiment stations at each land grant college to improve scientific research in agriculture and engineering

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6
Q

context of the hatch act

A

civil war- wanted to rebuild the country

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7
Q

smith-lever act year

A

1914

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8
Q

purpose of smith-lever act

A

established cooperative extension service with offices in every county

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9
Q

purpose of extension offices

A

educational programs depending on needs of the county

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10
Q

second morrill act year

A

1890

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11
Q

second morrill act purpose

A

conferred land grant status to 20 HBCUS

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12
Q

elementary and secondary education reauthorization act year

A

1994

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13
Q

elementary and secondary education reauthorization act purpose

A

confer land grant status to 30 native american colleges that make up the american indian higher education consortium

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14
Q

what distinguishes land grant universities?

A

continuing education extension programs, experiment stations and research centers

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15
Q

who lobbied to make sure rutgers was a land grant university

A

george hammel cook

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16
Q

what was gh cook a professor of

A

NOT ANIMAL SCIENCE chemistry and natural sciences

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17
Q

animal products include:

A

clothing, food, service, and work

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18
Q

In the US, animal products provide:

A

33% of cals, 67% of protein

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19
Q

in world, animal products provide:

A

16% of cals, 35% of proteins

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20
Q

three food animal products

A

eggs, meat, milk, and dairy products

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21
Q

why did egg production dip in 2015

A

avian flu

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22
Q

what breed of chicken produces most eggs

A

leghorn - 300 eggs per year, very consistent

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23
Q

top states for egg production

A

OPIIC

24
Q

where do most eggs go?

A

56% to table consumption, 32% for processing, rest for institutions and export

25
Q

poultry meats

A

chicken & turkey

26
Q

diet of poultry

A

corn, soybean meal (nonruminants)

27
Q

broiler age at slaughter

A

6-8 weeks depending on breed

28
Q

age of turkeys at slaughter

A

usually six months; almost entirely in november

29
Q

when did per capita chicken consumption finally exceed beef consumption?

A

~1990

30
Q

when was chicken bred for meat?

A

1940s- previously a byproduct of egg production

31
Q

what happened to poultry in the 50s/60s?

A

vertical integration

32
Q

vertical integration:

A

single company being involved in every process, stabilizing rapidly changing relationships between inputs, production, and marketing segments

33
Q

benefits of vertical integration in the poultry industry

A

fewer worker hours due to improved tech, larger flock sizes
reduction in feed (genetics and nutrition)
better health programs for welfare of birds
able to go to market at any time of year

34
Q

pig diet

A

nonruminants: corn and soybean meal (same as poultry)

35
Q

How long are pigs alive before being sent to the packing plant?

A

6 months

36
Q

average litter size

A

12 piglets

37
Q

diet of beef cattle

A

ruminants: time grazing pasture

38
Q

parts of the beef industry

A

1: cow/calf operations
2: stocker/yearling
3: feedlots/finishing
4: packing plant <3

39
Q

Why can cattle inventory go down but beef pounds continue to go up?

A

more lbs per cattlehead than ever before (genetics)

40
Q

lamb/mutton diet

A

forage/pasture AND grain (corn soybean meal)
CONSIDERED SMALL RUMINANTS

41
Q

when are lamb harvested

A

6-8 weeks for spring religious holidays
6-10 months at any other time

42
Q

when are mutton harvested

A

may be several years old

43
Q

biological production cycle of beef, pork, poultry

A

beef: 24 months
pork: 10 months
poultry: 4-5 months

44
Q

genetics base of beef, pork, poultry

A

beef: wide and widening
pork: moderately wide but narrowing
poultry: narrow

45
Q

who has the most incentive for vertical integration? why?

A

poultry has the highest incentive since everything is happening quickly- they need to be able to adapt to things like avian flu etc

46
Q

Why is vertical integration such a good method for brands/farms?

A

value-added retail proudcts, name brands, new product marketing

47
Q

dairy product classification:

A

class 1: fluid
class 2: manufactured

48
Q

where is the milk and dairy industry concentrated

A

great lakes, new england, southeast through california

49
Q

milk composition (whole milk)

A

88% water, 4.8% lactose, 3.3% protein, 3.8% fat, 0.1% ash/minerals

50
Q

What is the future of animal science departments?

A

less species-specific units, less focus on agriculture, more focus on agro-tourism, companion animals, research, and translation to human health

51
Q

How will ever increasing needs for food be met?

A

biotechnology and technology in general to improve industry

52
Q

effects of genomics

A

improved livestock breeds, faster breeding decisions, quality and trait certification

53
Q

examples of transgenic animals

A

enviropig. transgenic goats, transgenic cows

54
Q

enviropig

A

digests plant phosphorus more efficiently, reduces environmental phosphorous

55
Q

transgenic goats

A

produce spider silk in their milk (used to make bullet proof vests)

56
Q

transgenic cows

A

produce more casein in milk which increases health for offspring and cheese yield

57
Q

Who led AI in NJ/US

A

Enos J Perry (Father of Artificial Insemination in US)

Animal Science (11 decks)

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