Quiz 1: Intro To SSD

Question 1

What is Communication?

Answer 1

A process in which two or more people share information linguistically or nonlinguistically

Question 2

What is Speech?

Answer 2

The expression of thoughts in spoken words (oral, verbal communication)

Question 3

What are the 3 components of Speech? Explain each component.

Answer 3

1. Articulation: Motor production of speech sounds
   -Place+Manner
2. Fluency: Flow of Speech, Rate & Rhythm (i.e. stuttering)
3. Voice: Vocal Quality, Pitch, Loudness, Resonance

Question 4

What is Language? Name 5 Linguistic Parameters.

Answer 4

Shared rule-governed system used in various modes for thought and communication
-Adds meaning to Speech.

Parameters: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantic, Pragmatic

Question 5

What is a Communication Disorder?

Answer 5

Impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts

-Includes: Verbal, Nonverbal and Graphic Symbol Systems

Question 6

What are the 4 types of Communication Disorders?

Answer 6

1. Speech Disorder
2. Language Disorder
3. Hearing Disorder
4. Central Auditory Processing

Question 7

What is a Speech Disorder?

Answer 7

Indicates oral/verbal communication that is so deviant from norm that it is noticeable or interferes with Communication.

Question 8

What are the 3 types of Speech Disorders? Describe

Answer 8

1. Articulation Disorder: Motor production of speech sounds-precise oral motor movement
2. Fluency Disorder: Flow of Speech, Rate, Rhythm
3. Voice Disorder: Vocal Quality, Pitch, Loudness & Resonance

Question 9

What is a Language Disorder?

Answer 9

Impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written and/or other symbol systems
-Involves one or more of the 5 language components

Question 10

What is a Hearing Disorder?

Answer 10

Impaired auditory sensitivity that leads to hearing impairment
-Hard of Hearing/Deaf

Question 11

What are Central Auditory Processing Disorders?

Answer 11

Difficulties with information processing of auditory signals that are not the result of hearing impairment.

Question 12

What is the main difference between Articulation and Phonology?

Answer 12

1. Articulation is a subcategory of Speech and involves the oral-verbal production of phones (what the patient is producing) that does not change meaning of word/utterance.
   -Articulatory Motor Processes
2. Phonology is a subcategory of language where a production of phonemes distinguishes meaning between words.
   -Demonstrates linguistic understanding of sound systems within a language

Question 13

What is Phonology?

Answer 13

Study of how phonemes are organized and function in a language
-Vowels and Consonants in a language that differentiate meaning (ex. Minimal pairs-Bat/Rat)

Question 14

What are Phonotactics?

Answer 14

Allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language
-ex. /ks/ sound in ‘Box’ occurs at the end of a word; never at beginning

Question 15

Name and List ASL Phonology and its Parameters

Answer 15

ASL phonology is a broad category in which there are designated ‘Parameters’. These parameters are stand-ins for phonemes.
1. Movement
2. Direction
3. Repetition
4. Hand Shape
5. Palm Orientation

Question 16

Describe an Articulation Disorder.

Answer 16

Atypical articulation: substitutions, omissions, additions and distortions that may interfere with intelligibility (involves PHONES)

-Errors may be typical (age-appropriate) or atypical (non-age appropriate depending on the age

Question 17

Describe a Phonological Disorder.

Answer 17

Impaired understanding of the phonological system of a particular language (involved PHONEMES)

-If child produces swing/sing/ring/wing as WING, child is not using the required PHONEMIC CONTRAST to indicate differences between these words (sounding identical)

Question 18

True or False: Articulation and Phonology are mutually exclusive

Answer 18

False.

-Difference is important, but many children with SSD demonstrate both types of difficulties

*Child may demonstrate problems with physically producing phones and using phonemes contrastively to differentiate words.

Question 19

What is the Assessment Process for Articulation/Phonological Disorder

Answer 19

Step 1: Conduct Phonetic Inventory: Collect all possible phones individual produced (focus on what individual CAN produce instead of CAN’T)

Step 2: Collect Phonemic Inventory; list of phonemes child used to differentiate meaning

Step 3: Identify Phonotactic Constraints-Can they use target phonemes in ALL POSSIBLE POSITIONS of the words? Ex. Child might use /k/ initial position but not in final position.