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Fixed Prosthodontics > Quiz #1: Intro + Alginate > Flashcards

Quiz #1: Intro + Alginate Flashcards

1
Q

What does fixed prosthodontic treatment involve?

A
  • replacement/restoration of teeth by substitutes
  • substitutes are not readily removable from mouth
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2
Q

What are the important qualities of the fixed prosthedontics course?

A
  • attendance
  • timeliness
  • cleanliness
  • protection
  • ergonomics
  • practice
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2
Q

What is the focus of restoration?

A
  • restore function
  • restore esthetics
  • comfort
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3
Q

What is a crown prep?

A

When prepare tooth structure to facilitate delivery of final restoration

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4
Q

What are the two types of delivery of a final restoration?

A
  1. cementation
  2. bonding
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5
Q

What composes the basic amamentarium?

A
  1. handpieces (high and slow speed)
  2. typodont (maxillary/mandibular)
  3. mannequin
  4. burs
  5. mirror (to help see/retract)
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6
Q

What is the RPM range of the high speed handpiece?

A

200,000 - 400,000 RPM

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7
Q

How much water for microstone?

A

40 mL

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8
Q

How to mix together microstone and water?

A

powder to water
- water in bowl first
- then add powder

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9
Q

What is the use of the vibrating platform?

A

To release air bubbles

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10
Q

Describe the alginate impression material.

A

Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

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10
Q

What is alginate composed of?

A
  • mucous extract from brown seaweed (algae)
  • 15% potassium alginate (from seaweed)
  • 16% calcium sulfate
  • trisodium phosphate
  • 60% Diatomaceous earth
  • 4% zinc oxide
  • 3% potassium titanium fluoride
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11
Q

Why is alginate irreversible?

A

Once it has set, cannot be returned to liquid state

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12
Q

What does hydrocolloid mean?

A

a mixture within water
- Hydro = water
- colloid = particles of one substance that are evenly dispersed through another substance

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13
Q

What is the importance of trisodium phosphate in alginate?

A

Slows down the reaction time for mixing
reacts with calcium sulfate

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14
Q

What is the water soluble salt of alginic acid?

A

Potassium alginate

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14
Q

Describe the importance of calcium sulfate in alginate.

A

reacts with potassium alginate
forms the gel: calcium alginate

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15
Q

Regular or fast set types of alginate depends on the level of ___________.

A

trisodium phosphate

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16
Q

What is the retarder in alginate?

A

Trisodium phosphate

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17
Q

What is the equation of trisodium phosphate?

A

Na3PO4

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18
Q

What provides the filler for bulk of the material?

A

Diatomaceous earth (and zinc oxide but much less)

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19
Q

What is the purpose of potassium titanium fluoride in alginate?

A

added for surface strength

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20
Q

What are the phases of alginate setting?

A
  1. Sol
  2. Gel phase
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21
Q

What is the Sol phase of alginate setting?

A

When the alginate is in liquid or semiliquid form

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22
Q

What is the Gel phase of alginate setting?

A

When alginate is in semisolid or gelatinous phase

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22
Q

What is purpose of diagnostic impression?

A
  • replicate teeth and soft tissue
  • include vestibules and palate
23
Q

What are diagnostic impressions most commonly used for?

A

Diagnosis

24
Q

Are alginate diagnostic impressions accurate or inaccurate?

A

Inaccurate

25
Q

What are some advantages of alginate?

A
  • pleasant odor
  • biocompatible
  • economic
  • adequate shelf life for storage/distribution
  • easy to use with minimal equipment
  • satisfactory consistency and texture
  • elastic properties
  • adequate strength
  • dimensional stability (long enough to produce cast)
  • no release of gas/other byproducts
26
Q

What is most critical when doing alginate manipulation?

A

Stock tray selection/modification

27
Q

Which causes alginate to set faster? Hot or cold water?

A

Hot

28
Q

What must be removed to prevent dilution of gypsum mix, yielding a soft, chalky surface?

A

Free water

29
Q

What is the general working time of alginate?

A
  1. Mix alginate/water - 0:30
  2. Working time - 1:00
  3. Setting time - 1:30

Total time: 3:00 minutes

30
Q

When should you pour gypsum into an alginate model? Why?

A

Immediately
longer you leave it the more likely the impression will distort
water within it will evaporate

31
Q

When should you disinfect the alginate impression?

A

5-10 minutes

32
Q

When should you separate the model from the impression? Why?

A

45 min - 1 hr
If leave in too long, soluble Ca dihydrate of gypsum will react with water in gel
cause surface quality loss

33
Q

What is undercut?

A

Imagine you fill a bucket with rubber but the bucket walls are not straight (narrower at bottom than at rim)
will pull it out, will leave some left in bucket
THAT is called undercut

34
Q

calcium sulfate + potassium alginate = ________

A

calcium alginate

35
Q

What does an impression show?

A

patient bite/alignment/fracture when patient is not present in the office

36
Q

What is syneresis?

A

LOSS OF WATER
When alginate is mixed with water, the water EASILY evaporates, distorting it
Gives off water to atmosphere

37
Q

What can cause inadequate impressions?

A
  • Inadequate tray size/fit; inadequate tray retention
  • Undermixing powder/liquid
  • Seating or moving tray in the mouth during gelation of material
  • Under seating tray
  • Long delay in pour-up of impression
  • Excess moisture in impression during pour-up.
  • Distortion caused by removal of impression from severe undercuts
38
Q

What is imbibition?

A

ABSORPTION OF WATER
When alginate absorbs too much water
Absorb water from atmosphere

39
Q

Irreversible hydrocolloid is largely what?

A

Water

40
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium sulfate dihydrate?

A

CaSO4*2H2O

41
Q

Describe calcium sulfate dihydrate.

A

Naturally occuring
white powdery mineral

42
Q

What is the dental version of calcium sulfate dihydrate?

A

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate
CaSO4 * 1/2H2O

42
Q

What is the difference between the ADA gypsum type products?

A

identical chemical formula of calcium sulfate hemihydrate BUT have different particle size and physical properties for different tasks
differ in manner of which H2O is driven off the Ca sulfate dihydrate

43
Q

What is calcination?

A

manner in which H2O is driven off the Ca sulfate dihydrate

44
Q

What causes the setting reaction for calcium sulfate hemihydrate?

A

Hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate
(adding water)

44
Q

What type of gypsum did we use in sim lab?

A

Type III

44
Q

What does MORE water in the water to powder ratio do for alginate?

A
  • less strength
  • more porosity
  • less expansion
  • increased setting time
45
Q

_______ the amount or speed of spatulation (mixing) shortens the setting time

A

Increasing

46
Q

The setting reaction of gypsum is an ____________ reactions.

A

Exothermic

47
Q

What can affect the setting time?

A
  • temperature of water
  • environment
  • temperature of room/body
48
Q

Why are gypsum products kept in closed container?

A

To prevent imbibition of water from environment

49
Q

How to decrease setting time of alginate

A
  • hot water
  • less water
  • increased spatulation time
  • use slurry water
49
Q

How to increase setting time

A
  • cold water
  • more water
  • decreased spatulation time
50
Q

Why do we make mounted study models?

A
  1. treatment planning
  2. dental legal records
  3. provisional restorations
50
Q

What is another name for gypsum?

A

Microstone

51
Q

What makes proper tray size?

A
  • tray should be able to capture vestibule
  • maxillary tray should extend to distal most tooth and tuberosities
  • mandibular tray should extend to distal most tooth and retromolar pad
52
Q

How to center the tray?

A
  • align teeth
  • align handle with nose
  • seat tray with equal pressure on both sides
53
Q

What are abnormal piece of stone that “stick out” of the impression surface called?

A

positive blebs

53
Q

What are the dimensions of the bases?

A

15 mm for maxillary
13 mm for mandibular

54
Q

What are the ADA gypsum products?

A
  1. Type I: Impression Plaster. Mounting stone
  2. Type II: Model Plaster.
  3. Type III: Dental Stone (study casts, master casts).
    (microstone) (all purpose)
  4. Type IV: Hight-Strength low expansion Dental Stone (Die
    stone, ).
  5. Type V: High-Strength, high-expansion Dental stone

Fixed Prosthodontics (4 decks)

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