Quiz 1 (Human and dietary evolution)

Question 1

Nutritional anthropology

Answer 1

the study of food and nutrition from evolutionary, behavioural, social, and cultural perspectives

Question 2

Ways to study primate eating

Answer 2

1. Evidence of locomotion (the ways monkeys adapted to do certain things, Ex. opposing thumbs)
2. Palaeontology (study of fossils, uses the isotopic composition of fossil remains to understand the physical surrounding of the organism during growth)
3. Morphology (fossil profiling, ex. teeth, chewing surfaces, micro patterns , enamel)

Question 3

What is fair trade?

Answer 3

a wold wide movement that aims to help farmers and producers in less economically developed countries.

Question 4

Dietary revolution time line

Answer 4

• Agricultural: 12-10,000 years ago
• Globalization: 600 years ago
• Industrial: 300 years ago
• Scientific: 200 years ago

Question 5

What two concepts was the industrial revolution based on

Answer 5

1. Productivism: assumes that ever increasing out put and efficiency ultimately benefits everyone
2. Commodification: The process of shaping products to be interchangeable mass produced goods that hold monetary value

Question 6

Impact of industrialization

Answer 6

1. Urbanization: expanded populations, there was less farming.
2. Racism: white settlers stealing land, government took over black family owned farms and business, hiring migrant workers. The agriculture business in the US has been exempt from labour laws- minimum wage, work hours, and benefits
3. Diet: food preservation technology
4. Impact on the planet (emissions, chemical revolution, missuse of land, fertilizers and pesticides)

Question 7

Inventions of the scientific revolution

Answer 7

• food additives (microbes, vitamins)
• Genetic engineering

Question 8

Types of genetic engineering

Answer 8

1. Gene insertion (added to a corns DNA so it produces a toxin that kills insects)
2. Gene slicing (turning off specific genes inside of the plant, RNA interference, bruising on a potato)

Question 9

What is precision agriculture

Answer 9

Uses GPS, drones, sensors, soil sampling, satellite mapping, etc. to improve the productivity and increase economic gain.

Question 10

What is the Neolithic revolution

Answer 10

Dietary revolution, new stone age, after the Palaeolithic era, 10,000 BCE, from hunting and gathering to farmers, agriculture began

Question 11

What is optimal foraging theory?

Answer 11

• Predict how animals behave when looking for food
• Most benefit for the least energy
• Less time for travel

Question 12

What factors led to the adoption of agriculture?

Answer 12

• Observation of nature/ climate, seasonal changes
• Greater population, increased need for food
• Religion
• Optimal foraging theory

Question 13

What cultural and economic changes resulted from agriculture?

Answer 13

1. changes relationships between humans and the environment (ownership of land)
2. Social classes
3. Civilization (small cities and towns)
4. Exploration of other interests
5. Development of jobs
6. Trade
7. Resulted in social inequality, malnutrition, and military conflict

Question 14

Reasons for fair trade (ex. coffee)

Answer 14

• Intensive manual labour
• Intensive heat
• Physical violence
• Human trafficking
• Child labour

Question 15

Fair trade processes

Answer 15

1. fair prices and practices
2. equity and inclusion
3. environmental stewardship
4. democratic control
5. the building of communities
6. the building of individual capacity