Quiz 1: Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
What is geography?
literally means “description of the Earth”
What are the 5 essential elements?
- The World in Spatial Terms
- Places and Regions
- Physical Systems
- Human Systems
- Environment and Society
What are the 5 themes of geography?
- Location
- Place
- Human-Environment Interaction
- Movement
- Region
Physical and human features of Earth’s surface
Landscape
_______ underlies decisions about use of landscape. It is a system of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior.
Culture
Population shares a defining trait
Formal region
Spatial unit characterized by a central focus on some activity
Functional region
Exists in the minds of many people
Vernacular region
How we understand space and place in our everyday lives
Geographical imagination
A map with a scale of 1:10,000 means that 1 linear unit on the map represents ______ such real-world units on the ground; this is a __________
10,000; representative fraction
A ____ _____ map has a large representative fraction and is a small area shown in more detail.
Large scale
A _____ _____ map has a small representative fraction and is an area shown in more detail.
Small scale
Defines a place in relationship to other places
Relative location
Provides a unique address for each place
Absolute location
Maps concerned with locations of various features of the earth’s surface and their relationships with each other
Reference maps
Maps that show the distribution of a particular phenomenon
Thematic maps
MDCs
LDCs
NICs
More developed countries
Less developed countries
Newly industrializing countries
Total output of goods and services that a country produces for home use in a year
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Includes foreign output by domestically owned producers
Gross National Product (GNP)
Includes GDP plus income from abroad from sources such as rents, profits, and labors
Gross National Income (GNI)
Considers differences in relative prices of goods and services
Measured in current “international dollars”
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Scale that considers attributes of quality of life
Human Development Index (HDI)
The study of population
Demography
1 Billion people in 1800, 2 Billion in 1930, 4 Billion in 1975, 6 Billion in 1999, 7 Billion in 2011
Population Expansion
Annual number of live births per 1000 people in a population
Birth rate
Annual number of deaths per 1000 people in a population
Death rate
Birth rate - Death rate; may represent either a growth or a loss
Population Change Rate
People in _____ tend to have fewer children than those in ______ areas.
Cities, rural
Death rates can be reduced by:
- Better sanitation
- Better hygiene
- Cleaner drinking water
- Availability of antibiotics and immunizations
- Insecticides
- Improvements in medical and public health technologies
Number of years a person may expect to live in an environment
Life Expectancy
Number of years required for human population to double. Computed by dividing 70 by the growth rate.
Doubling time
Why has the human population exploded?
The death rate has fallen due to improvements in many technologies.
What are the 4 stages in the demographic transition model?
Stage 1: Preindustrial
Stage 2: Transitional
Stage 3: Industrial
Stage 4: Postindustrial
Classifies a population by gender and by 5 year age increments
Population pyramid
The movement of people
Migration
One who moves FROM a place
Emigrant
One who moves TO a place
Immigrant
When hunger or lack of land “pushes” people from rural areas into cities
Push factors for migration
Moving to a new area to take advantage of a job or educational opportunity
Pull factors for migration
