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World Geography > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the traditional physical dividing line between Europe and Asia?

A

From the Ural Mountains down to the Caucasus’s.

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2
Q

What are some of Europe’s locational advantages?

A

Contact with much of the rest of the world, nowhere far from the ocean, naviagable rivers

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3
Q

What are Europe’s subregions?

A

European Core
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Eastern Europe

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4
Q

Which 4 countries alone comprise half of Europe’s population?

A

Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy

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5
Q

What are the two belts of industrialization and urbanization near historical sources of coal and hydroelectric power?

A

North to South from UK to Italy

East to West from UK to Poland

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6
Q

Why is Europe’s population declining?

A

Low birth rates, fertility rate below population replacement level, Europe’s population aging faster than all other world regions

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7
Q

How are governments in Europe starting to view immigrants?

A

A financial burden on society
Threatening to unravel the social safety net of the European welfare state
Living outside mainstream european society instead of becoming integrated within it

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8
Q

What are some physical characteristics of Europe?

A

Irregular shape
high latitude
temperate climate
jagged coastal outline

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9
Q

_______ (tidal mouths of rivers) and ______ offer protection for shipping.

A

Estuaries, harbors

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10
Q

Why is Europe so warm?

A

Warm ocean currents

Westerly winds

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11
Q

In summer, the ocean is ______ in Europe than land so the winds have a ______ effect.

A

cooler, cooling

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12
Q

What are Europe’s 4 physiographic regions?

A

Western uplands
North european lowland
Central uplands (plateaus)
Alpine mountains

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13
Q

Where are the western uplands in Europe?

A

Scandinavia through western britain and Ireland

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14
Q

What makes up the central uplands in Europe?

A

Hills and plateaus

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15
Q

What makes up the North European Lowlands?

A

Southeastern Britain and central France across Germany and Denmark into Poland and Ukraine, major cities and rivers

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16
Q

What did glaciation do to Europe?

A

Created favorable sites for hydroelectric installations, left fertile deposits on most of North European Plain

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17
Q

What are some of Europe’s diversity of climate and vegetation?

A 
Marine West Coast
Humid Continental Short Summer (cold)
Humid Continental Long Summer (warm)
Mediterranean
Subarctic and tundra
Undifferientiated highlands
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18
Q

What are some of Europe’s important seaports?

A

London on the Thames
Antwerp on the Scheldt
Rotterdam in the delta of the Rhine
Hamburg on the Elbe

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19
Q

What are Europe’s major language families?

A

Romance (Italian, French, Spanish)
Germanic (German, English, Dutch, Danish)
Slavic (Russian, Polish, Czech)

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20
Q

What is Europe’s largest religious group?

A

Roman Catholic Church

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21
Q

What is the fastest growing religion in Europe?

A

Islam

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22
Q

The _____ ______ was an important global trade route in Europe, connecting China and Venice.

A

Silk Road

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23
Q

What achievements gave Europe some advantages?

A

Shipbuilding
Navigation
Manufacture and handling of weapons

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24
Q

The extension of the power of a nation through direct or indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories

A

Imperialism

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25
Q

Shift from energy-hungry, labor-costly, and polluting industries toward an economy based on services and production of high-tech goods

A

Europe’s postindustrial economy

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26
Q

Where is the European Union headquartered?

A

Brussels, Belgium

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27
Q

What did the European Union begin as?

A

The European Economic Community

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28
Q

In the European Union, what was eliminated between member states?

A

Tariffs on goods

Restrictions on the movement of labor and capital between member states were eased

29
Q

When did the European Union acquire the name the European Union?

A

1993

30
Q

What is the European Union/s currency?

A

Euro

31
Q

What are some advantages of having a common currency in the European Union?

A 
Lower transaction costs
More certainty for investors
Enhanced competition
More consistent pricing
Restrain public spending, reduce debt
32
Q

What was Europe’s Big Bang?

A 
10 nations joined the EU in 2004
Poland
Czech Republic
Hungary
Slovakia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Slovenia
Malta
Cyprus
33
Q

Military alliance founded after the Cold War between the US, Canada, most European countries west of the Iron Curtain and Turkey

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

34
Q

What are some differences between Europeans and Americans?

A

Concept of social justice
Public education
Taxes on gasoline
Death penalty

35
Q

Densest, most urbanized european population
Most prosperous economy
Lowest unemployment
Most productive agriculture

A

The European Core

36
Q

How many countries voluntarily associate the British monarch as their head?

A

54

37
Q

What is the Irish economy called?

A

The Celtic Tiger

38
Q

10% of population died of starvation

Emigrated to North America, Australia, UK

A

Potato Famine of 1845-1851

39
Q

What are some of the reasons for conflict in Northern Ireland?

A

British direct rule vs. Irish Republican Army

Catholic republicans and protestant Unionists

40
Q

What is the largest city of mainland Europe and the leading urban tourist destination?

A

Paris

41
Q

What is Europe’s dominant economy?

A

Germany

42
Q

Rimland of countries whose interests are tied closely to and strongly influenced by those of core

A

The European Periphery

43
Q

What are the subregions of the European Periphery?

A

Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Eastern Europe

44
Q

Why won’t Norway and Ireland join the EU?

A

Fear EU fishing policies will diminish profits vital to their economies—-whaling

45
Q

Which group in Europe has often been targets of discrimination and violence?

A

The Basques

46
Q

North vs. South in Cyprus

A

Greek Cypriots: Greek orthodox Christians
Turkish Cypriots: Muslims
Buffer Zone

47
Q

One party dictorial governments
National economies planned and directed by organs of the state
Abolition of private ownership

A

Principal traits of communism

48
Q

Forced emigration or murder of one ethnic group by another within a certain territory

A

Ethnic cleansing

49
Q

Also known as gypsies, largest ethnic minorities

A

The Roma

50
Q

What is involved in the Commonwealth of Independent States?

A

Russia and 11 of the former Soviet states

51
Q

What is the largest world region?

A

Russia and the Near Abroad

52
Q

What is the physical geography like in Russia and the Near Abroad?

A 
Cold temperatures
Infertile soils
Marshy terrain
Aridity
Ruggedness
53
Q

Frozen ground that makes construction difficult, buildings and pipelines must be elevated and insulated

A

Permafrost

54
Q

Russian _____ is the largest continuous area of forest on earth

A

taiga

55
Q

Used for trade, conquest, and colonization (Russia)

A

rivers

56
Q

Connected the white sea and baltic sea in the north, black and caspian sea in south

A

Volga-Don Canal

57
Q

What are the main language families in Russia?

A

Indo-European (Slavic, Romance, Armenian)

Altaik (Turkic)

58
Q

What is the order of the Tsars in Russia?

A

Ivan the Great
Ivan the Terrible
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great

59
Q

How much did Russia sell Alaska for to the US?

A

2 cents per acre

60
Q

Effort to implant Russian culture in non-Russian regions and to make non-Russians more like Russians

A

Soviet policy of Russification

61
Q

The Soviet economic system was an application of the economic and social ideas of whom?

A

Karl Marx—Marxism

62
Q

Rapid transition from command economy to capitalism widening the gap between rich and poor

A

Boris Yeltan’s “Economic Shock Therapy”

63
Q

Export Russia’s natural resources to flood Russia with wealth. Profits will be rolled into manufacturing and high-tech industries so that Russia enjoys a more stable, diversified economy.

A

Putinomics

64
Q

What are the 3 concentric spheres of geopolitical concern in Russia?

A

Within the Russian Federation (Unity of Russia itself)
Russia’s relationship with its near abroad
Russia’s relationships with the rest of the world

65
Q

Functional hub of region (Russia), contains 75% of region’s people and an even larger share of its cities
“Agricultural triangle”
“Slavic Core”

A

The Fertile Triangle

66
Q

Where did Chernobyl occur?

A

North of Kiev, Ukraine

67
Q

What are the two transportation arteries that most Russians live along?

A

The Trans-Siberian Railroad

The lower Amur River

68
Q

Deepest body of freshwater in the world

A

Lake Baikal

World Geography (2 decks)

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