Quiz 1: Chapter '2'- The Evolution of Mgmt Thinking

Question 1

DefineJugaad

Answer 1

Refers to creating something of benefit from limited resources

Question 2

Development in Management lies in….

Answer 2

The broad, long-term view needed for management success

Question 3

Define Social Forces

Answer 3

Those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people

Question 4

Define a Social Contract

Answer 4

The unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships among people between employees and management

Question 5

Define Political Forces

Answer 5

The influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations- an increased role of government

Question 6

Define Economic Forces

Answer 6

Pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society

Question 7

The Classical Perspective:

Answer 7

The early study of management, includes Scientific Management, Bureaucratic Organizations, & Administrative Principles- the dawn of the “salaried manager”

Question 8

Define Scientific Management

Answer 8

Emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and management practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity, developed by Frederick Taylor

Question 9

Frederick Taylor

Answer 9

The father of Scientific Management, developed a plan correcting movement, improving tools, and sequence in which tasks were completed to improve productivity

Question 10

Henry Gantt

Answer 10

An associate of Taylor’s, developed the Gnatt Chart, a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed

Question 11

Define Time and Motion Study

Answer 11

Developed by Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, stressed “one best way to do things” -he drastically reduced time frames for most technical things including surgery

Question 12

Define Computerized Labor

Answer 12

A computerized system that allows Stores to be staffed more efficiently, employees are routinely monitored by computer and are expected to meet strict stnadards

Question 13

Define Bureaucratic Organizations

Answer 13

Developed in Europe by Max Weber, designed to manage organizations on an impersonal & rational basis, organizational continuity is based on structure rather than a particular leader, strict rules/procuders

Question 14

Name the Big Six In Bureaucracy

Answer 14

1) Division of Labor,
2) Positions Organized by Authority,
3) Managers follow strict guidelines that will ensure results
4) Management is separate from ownership
5) Administrative acts/decisions are recorded in writing
6) Personal is selected and promoted based on technical qualifications- Favoritism is forbidden

Question 15

Define Administrative Principles

Answer 15

Focuses on the total organization, developed by Henri Fayol, included five basic functions to management

Question 16

List the Five Basic Functions of Management

Answer 16

1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Commanding
4) Coordinating
5) Controlling

Question 17

Define the Humanistic Perspective

Answer 17

Emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace, promoted social interactions and group processes

Question 18

Mary Parker Follett

Answer 18

Approached Leadership as stressing the importance of people rather than the engineering techniques

Question 19

Define Empowerment

Answer 19

Developed by Follett, utilizes rather than controlling employees, allows employees to act depending on the authority of the situation

Question 20

Define Informal Organization

Answer 20

Developed by Barnard, occurs in all forms of organizations, includes cliques, informal networks, and social groupings, can be beneficial to organizations if manager properly,

Question 21

Define Acceptance Theory of Authority

Answer 21

States that people have free will and can choose whether to follow management orders or not

Question 22

Define Human Relations Movement

Answer 22

Theory states that effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than from strict authoritarian control

Question 23

Define the Hawthorne Studies

Answer 23

Results state that when people know they are being observed, they act differently than if they were not under observation

Question 24

Define Human Relations

Answer 24

States that employees perform better when managers treated them in a positive manner

Question 25

Define the Human Resource Perspective

Answer 25

View shifted to consider the daily tasks that people perform

Question 26

Abraham Maslow

Answer 26

Developed the hierarchy of needs

Question 27

Douglas McGregor

Answer 27

Developed the X/Y Theory

Question 28

Define the X/Y Theory

Answer 28

X: claims that workers need higher levels of supervision and attention, only utilizes executives/managers decision making/ideas
Y: claims that workers need more freedom to complete their tasks successfully, stresses trusting employees, uses employee imagination and intellect

Question 29

Define Behavioral Sciences Approach

Answer 29

Uses Scientific methods and draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting

Question 30

Define Organization Development

Answer 30

Stated as the ability to cope with change, improve internal relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilites

Question 31

Define Management Science/ Quantitative Perspective

Answer 31

An application of mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to management decision making and problem solving

Question 32

Define Operations Research

Answer 32

Consists of mathematical model building and other applications of quantitative techniques to managerial problems

Question 33

Define Operations Management

Answer 33

Field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services,

Question 34

Define Information Technology (IT)

Answer 34

Information systems designed to provide relevant information to managers in a timely and cost-efficient manner

Question 35

Define Quants

Answer 35

Refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis under the assumption that technology can accurately predict how the market works

Question 36

But, if quantitative techniques are relied too heavily upon…

Answer 36

It can have negative results for managers

Question 37

Define System Thinking

Answer 37

The ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements

Question 38

Define a System

Answer 38

A set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose

Question 39

Define a Subsystem

Answer 39

Parts of a system such as an organization that depend on one another

Question 40

Define Synergy

Answer 40

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 41

System thinking enables manages to…

Answer 41

Find patterns of movement and focus on the rhythm, flow, direction, shape, and networks of relationships that accomplish the task

Question 42

System Causality

Answer 42

Page, ‘53’ Exhibit 2.5

Question 43

Define Contingency View

Answer 43

Views each situation as unique, implying that principles are not universal -manager’s need to identify key contingencies in an organization’s structure for success

Question 44

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Answer 44

Focuses on managing the total organization to deliver better quality to customers- developed by Deming

Question 45

Kaizen

Answer 45

The four significant elements: employee involvement, focus on the customer, bench marking, and continuous improvement

Question 46

Define Employee Involvement

Answer 46

Achieving better quality requires company wide participation in quality control

Question 47

Define Focused on the Customer

Answer 47

Companies find out what customers want and try to meet their needs

Question 48

Define Benchmarking

Answer 48

When companies find out how others do something better than they do and try to improve their process

Question 49

Define Continuous Improvement

Answer 49

The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization

Question 50

Define Social Media Programs

Answer 50

Include company online community pages, social media sites to inform society of their organization

Question 51

Define Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Answer 51

A system that uses the latest information technology to keep in close touch with customers and to collect and manage large amounts of customer data- helps sales forecasts

Question 52

Define Supply Chain Management

Answer 52

Refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers