Quiz 1: Chapter '2'- The Evolution of Mgmt Thinking Flashcards
DefineJugaad
Refers to creating something of benefit from limited resources
Development in Management lies in….
The broad, long-term view needed for management success
Define Social Forces
Those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people
Define a Social Contract
The unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships among people between employees and management
Define Political Forces
The influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations- an increased role of government
Define Economic Forces
Pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society
The Classical Perspective:
The early study of management, includes Scientific Management, Bureaucratic Organizations, & Administrative Principles- the dawn of the “salaried manager”
Define Scientific Management
Emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and management practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity, developed by Frederick Taylor
Frederick Taylor
The father of Scientific Management, developed a plan correcting movement, improving tools, and sequence in which tasks were completed to improve productivity
Henry Gantt
An associate of Taylor’s, developed the Gnatt Chart, a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed
Define Time and Motion Study
Developed by Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, stressed “one best way to do things” -he drastically reduced time frames for most technical things including surgery
Define Computerized Labor
A computerized system that allows Stores to be staffed more efficiently, employees are routinely monitored by computer and are expected to meet strict stnadards
Define Bureaucratic Organizations
Developed in Europe by Max Weber, designed to manage organizations on an impersonal & rational basis, organizational continuity is based on structure rather than a particular leader, strict rules/procuders
Name the Big Six In Bureaucracy
1) Division of Labor,
2) Positions Organized by Authority,
3) Managers follow strict guidelines that will ensure results
4) Management is separate from ownership
5) Administrative acts/decisions are recorded in writing
6) Personal is selected and promoted based on technical qualifications- Favoritism is forbidden
Define Administrative Principles
Focuses on the total organization, developed by Henri Fayol, included five basic functions to management
List the Five Basic Functions of Management
1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Commanding
4) Coordinating
5) Controlling
Define the Humanistic Perspective
Emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace, promoted social interactions and group processes
Mary Parker Follett
Approached Leadership as stressing the importance of people rather than the engineering techniques
Define Empowerment
Developed by Follett, utilizes rather than controlling employees, allows employees to act depending on the authority of the situation
Define Informal Organization
Developed by Barnard, occurs in all forms of organizations, includes cliques, informal networks, and social groupings, can be beneficial to organizations if manager properly,
Define Acceptance Theory of Authority
States that people have free will and can choose whether to follow management orders or not
Define Human Relations Movement
Theory states that effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than from strict authoritarian control
Define the Hawthorne Studies
Results state that when people know they are being observed, they act differently than if they were not under observation
Define Human Relations
States that employees perform better when managers treated them in a positive manner
Define the Human Resource Perspective
View shifted to consider the daily tasks that people perform
Abraham Maslow
Developed the hierarchy of needs
Douglas McGregor
Developed the X/Y Theory
Define the X/Y Theory
X: claims that workers need higher levels of supervision and attention, only utilizes executives/managers decision making/ideas
Y: claims that workers need more freedom to complete their tasks successfully, stresses trusting employees, uses employee imagination and intellect
Define Behavioral Sciences Approach
Uses Scientific methods and draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting
Define Organization Development
Stated as the ability to cope with change, improve internal relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilites
Define Management Science/ Quantitative Perspective
An application of mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to management decision making and problem solving
Define Operations Research
Consists of mathematical model building and other applications of quantitative techniques to managerial problems
Define Operations Management
Field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services,
Define Information Technology (IT)
Information systems designed to provide relevant information to managers in a timely and cost-efficient manner
Define Quants
Refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis under the assumption that technology can accurately predict how the market works
But, if quantitative techniques are relied too heavily upon…
It can have negative results for managers
Define System Thinking
The ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements
Define a System
A set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose
Define a Subsystem
Parts of a system such as an organization that depend on one another
Define Synergy
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
System thinking enables manages to…
Find patterns of movement and focus on the rhythm, flow, direction, shape, and networks of relationships that accomplish the task
System Causality
Page, ‘53’ Exhibit 2.5
Define Contingency View
Views each situation as unique, implying that principles are not universal -manager’s need to identify key contingencies in an organization’s structure for success
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Focuses on managing the total organization to deliver better quality to customers- developed by Deming
Kaizen
The four significant elements: employee involvement, focus on the customer, bench marking, and continuous improvement
Define Employee Involvement
Achieving better quality requires company wide participation in quality control
Define Focused on the Customer
Companies find out what customers want and try to meet their needs
Define Benchmarking
When companies find out how others do something better than they do and try to improve their process
Define Continuous Improvement
The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization
Define Social Media Programs
Include company online community pages, social media sites to inform society of their organization
Define Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
A system that uses the latest information technology to keep in close touch with customers and to collect and manage large amounts of customer data- helps sales forecasts
Define Supply Chain Management
Refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers
