Quiz 1 - anat & phys Flashcards
name the 4 crania facial bones
temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal
name the 4 craniofacial sutures
metric
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
Name the 2 parts of the external ear
- pinna
- external auditory canal
name the 3 parts of the middle ear
- tympanic membrane
- ossicles
- Eustachian tube
name the 2 parts of the inner ear
- coclea
- semicircle canal
what mm is before the uvula, on the roof of the mouth?
levator veli palatini
which mm’s are lateral to the levator veil palatine
tensor veli palatini
what constitutes the velopharyngeal mechanism ?
nasal cav, lips, tongue, velum (soft palate), vpp
What is the function of the glottopalatinus mm?
elevates posterior tongue, brings velum down
what is the function of the levator veli palatini ?
lifts up & back the velum
what is the function of the palatopharyngeus?
- swallowing
- tenses velum, pulls pharyng walls up/front/middle
what is the function of the tensor veli palatini?
opens & closes Eustachian tubes; connects mouth & middle ear
what is the function of the pharyngeal constrictor superior ?
move the lateral pharyng walls in
what is the function of the musculus uvulae ?
elevate & retract the uvula, shortens velum
describe the embryological dev of the palate & lips
both fuse at/from the IF (incisive foramen):
lips -> fuse forward
palate -> fuses/closes backwards
what happens to the orbicular oris during cleft lip?
it splits/seperates
what are the parts of the tongue ?
ventral (front), dorsal (back)
how many faucial pillars are there ? name them.
4, 2 on both sides
- anterior & posterior
what comes after the hard palate (maxilla) ? in order.
- alveolar ridge
- velum/ soft pal
- uvula
describe the hard palate/maxilla. hint - vault & ridge too
- separates nasal and oral cavities
- roof of mouth but floor of nose
- palatal vault -> dome on upper part of mouth
- alveolar ridge -> bony support for teeth, place of articulation 4 spch
what is the rugae?
ridges
horizontally
front of the palate
define the incisive papilla
- projection of mucosa at area of incisive foramen
(behind central incisor)
define the palatine raphe
line from IF to uvula
describe the incisive foramen (IF)
- hole
- allows blood vessels & nerves 2 pass 2 mucosa
- behind central incisors & alv ridge
- starting point of Embry dev of lip & pal
describe the pre maxilla
- triangle shaped bone
-bordered via IF & incisive sutures (2x) - has 4 maxillary incisors (central & lateral)
describe the palatine process of maxilla
- front 3/4th of maxilla
- 2 plates, split by median palatine suture
- palatine suture -> groove 4 lower vomer (nasal septum)
describe the palatine bones
- back of hard pal
- transverse palatine suture -> boarders
- posterior nasal spine (bony projection) -> end
what is the torus palatinus ?
- bulging ridge on median palatine
- Northern Europeans
describe the sphenoid & temporal bones
- medial & lateral pterygoid plates -> pterygoid proccess bones
- pterygoid hamulus -> inferior end off pterygoid plate
- both provide bony attachment for velopharyngeal musculature
describe the velum (soft palate)
- consists of mm & mucosa
- attached 2 hard pal
median palatine raphe -> uvula -> posterior boarder
what are the 6 external nasal features
- nasal bridge & tip
- columella
- nares
- philtrum
- ala nasi
- cupids bow
what is the pyriform?
pear-shaped hole behind nose (on skull)
describe the nasal septum
vomer:
- perpedicular
- in median palatine suture groove
Quadrangle septal cart -> perpend plate of ethmoid
describe the turbinates & meatuses
- large ridges
- warms air in nose
meatuses: - space btwn turbinates
what 5 structures constitute the pharynx
- posterior pharyng wall
- ET
- tonsils
- Adenoid, tonsils, lingual
- epiglottis
describe the 4 pharyngeal spaces
- Nasopharynx -> above velum
- oropharynx -> below velum
- hypo pharynx -> below tongue base
- posterior pharyng wall
describe adenoid pad
- mass of lymphoid tiss
- posterior pharyn wall
- prominent -> children
- children -> veloadenoidal closure
- adults -> velopharyngeal closure
describe the Eustachian tube
- connects middle ear 2 pharynx
- horizontal until 6 yrs
- 45 degree angle in adults
describe 2 structures in the ET
torus tubarius:
- arching ridge, end of ET
salpingopharyngeal folds:
- part of the tor tub, down 2 lateral pharyn wall
what are the 3 structures in the velopharyngeal valve ?
- velum
- lat pharyn wall (LPW)
- posterior pharyn wall (PPW)
describe the movement of the velum
- moves superior/posterior towards pharyn wall
- ‘type of knee action”
- rests on tongue for breathing
describe the lat pharyn wall movement
- medially
- LPW against velum
- midline closure sometimes
describe posterior pharyn wall movement
- anteriorly toward velum
- PASSAVANTS ridge: bulge of mm, during speech on ppw, ring around nasopharyn isthmus via palatopharyngeus
- little role
Describe velopharyngeal function
- Velophar valve closes like sphincter during speech
- separates nose from oral cav
- regulates/directs transmission of sound energy & airflow into nose & mouth
- pressure sens consonant sounds (fries, affrics, plosives, vowels)
name the affricate, fricative and stop sounds
fric: f, v, s, sh, z, zh, th, th (voiced), h
affric: ch, juh (juice)
stops: b, p, t, k, d, g, ?
what is the function of the palatoglossus?
lifts back of tongue, lowers velum
describe the pharyngeal plexus
- network of nerves
- PPW
- has branches of glossopharyng & vagus nerve
name the 6 cranial nerves involved in sensation & movement in the VP valve
trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
describe the 4 VP closures
- coronal: velum & PPW
most common - sagittal pattern: LPW move medially
least common - circular pattern: all structures
sometimes has passavants ridge
describe VPD & the 3 types
- closure of vp port -> absent
structural -> insufficient
- velum 2 short
- cleft palate/split velum
physiological -> neurological impairments
mislearning -> everything normal, may be hyper nasal, high press sounds
describe pneumatic v nonpneumatic activities
nonpneumatic: swallowing, gagging, vomiting
pneumatic:
positive press -> whistling, blowing, spch
negative press -> sucking, kissing
Describe the timing part of VP closure
- valve must close b4 phonation starts
- closed during speech prod
- opens quick for nose sounds & breath
describe the height aspect of VP closure
- height differs w/ sound
- higher & tighter -> high vowels & pressure
- affected via rate & fatigue
describe the firmness aspect of VP closure
- gap of 5 mm (20 mm^2) = hyper-nasality threshold
- varies
what is said about rate & fatigue ? growth & change?
1) velar movement, height, & firmness decrease via rapid rate & mm fatigue
2) velum increases in thickness & length via velar stretch, maturation -> increased oral motor coord
describe 4 changes as you age & grow
- facial skeleton -> moves down & forward
- PPW -> changes inclination, bends forward
- closure -> from below eminence 2 ontop
- adenoid tissue evolves -> puberty
