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SPCH 277 > Quiz 1 - anat & phys > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - anat & phys Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 crania facial bones

A

temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal

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2
Q

name the 4 craniofacial sutures

A

metric
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid

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3
Q

Name the 2 parts of the external ear

A
  • pinna
  • external auditory canal
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4
Q

name the 3 parts of the middle ear

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • ossicles
  • Eustachian tube
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5
Q

name the 2 parts of the inner ear

A
  • coclea
  • semicircle canal
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6
Q

what mm is before the uvula, on the roof of the mouth?

A

levator veli palatini

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7
Q

which mm’s are lateral to the levator veil palatine

A

tensor veli palatini

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8
Q

what constitutes the velopharyngeal mechanism ?

A

nasal cav, lips, tongue, velum (soft palate), vpp

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9
Q

What is the function of the glottopalatinus mm?

A

elevates posterior tongue, brings velum down

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10
Q

what is the function of the levator veli palatini ?

A

lifts up & back the velum

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11
Q

what is the function of the palatopharyngeus?

A
  • swallowing
  • tenses velum, pulls pharyng walls up/front/middle
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12
Q

what is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

A

opens & closes Eustachian tubes; connects mouth & middle ear

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13
Q

what is the function of the pharyngeal constrictor superior ?

A

move the lateral pharyng walls in

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14
Q

what is the function of the musculus uvulae ?

A

elevate & retract the uvula, shortens velum

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15
Q

describe the embryological dev of the palate & lips

A

both fuse at/from the IF (incisive foramen):

lips -> fuse forward
palate -> fuses/closes backwards

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16
Q

what happens to the orbicular oris during cleft lip?

A

it splits/seperates

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17
Q

what are the parts of the tongue ?

A

ventral (front), dorsal (back)

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18
Q

how many faucial pillars are there ? name them.

A

4, 2 on both sides
- anterior & posterior

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19
Q

what comes after the hard palate (maxilla) ? in order.

A
  • alveolar ridge
  • velum/ soft pal
  • uvula
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20
Q

describe the hard palate/maxilla. hint - vault & ridge too

A
  • separates nasal and oral cavities
  • roof of mouth but floor of nose
  • palatal vault -> dome on upper part of mouth
  • alveolar ridge -> bony support for teeth, place of articulation 4 spch
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21
Q

what is the rugae?

A

ridges
horizontally
front of the palate

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22
Q

define the incisive papilla

A
  • projection of mucosa at area of incisive foramen

(behind central incisor)

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23
Q

define the palatine raphe

A

line from IF to uvula

24
Q

describe the incisive foramen (IF)

A
  • hole
  • allows blood vessels & nerves 2 pass 2 mucosa
  • behind central incisors & alv ridge
  • starting point of Embry dev of lip & pal
25
describe the pre maxilla
- triangle shaped bone -bordered via IF & incisive sutures (2x) - has 4 maxillary incisors (central & lateral)
26
describe the palatine process of maxilla
- front 3/4th of maxilla - 2 plates, split by median palatine suture - palatine suture -> groove 4 lower vomer (nasal septum)
27
describe the palatine bones
- back of hard pal - transverse palatine suture -> boarders - posterior nasal spine (bony projection) -> end
28
what is the torus palatinus ?
- bulging ridge on median palatine - Northern Europeans
29
describe the sphenoid & temporal bones
- medial & lateral pterygoid plates -> pterygoid proccess bones - pterygoid hamulus -> inferior end off pterygoid plate - both provide bony attachment for velopharyngeal musculature
30
describe the velum (soft palate)
- consists of mm & mucosa - attached 2 hard pal median palatine raphe -> uvula -> posterior boarder
31
what are the 6 external nasal features
- nasal bridge & tip - columella - nares - philtrum - ala nasi - cupids bow
32
what is the pyriform?
pear-shaped hole behind nose (on skull)
33
describe the nasal septum
vomer: - perpedicular - in median palatine suture groove Quadrangle septal cart -> perpend plate of ethmoid
34
describe the turbinates & meatuses
- large ridges - warms air in nose meatuses: - space btwn turbinates
35
what 5 structures constitute the pharynx
- posterior pharyng wall - ET - tonsils - Adenoid, tonsils, lingual - epiglottis
36
describe the 4 pharyngeal spaces
- Nasopharynx -> above velum - oropharynx -> below velum - hypo pharynx -> below tongue base - posterior pharyng wall
37
describe adenoid pad
- mass of lymphoid tiss - posterior pharyn wall - prominent -> children - children -> veloadenoidal closure - adults -> velopharyngeal closure
38
describe the Eustachian tube
- connects middle ear 2 pharynx - horizontal until 6 yrs - 45 degree angle in adults
39
describe 2 structures in the ET
torus tubarius: - arching ridge, end of ET salpingopharyngeal folds: - part of the tor tub, down 2 lateral pharyn wall
40
what are the 3 structures in the velopharyngeal valve ?
- velum - lat pharyn wall (LPW) - posterior pharyn wall (PPW)
41
describe the movement of the velum
- moves superior/posterior towards pharyn wall - 'type of knee action" - rests on tongue for breathing
42
describe the lat pharyn wall movement
- medially - LPW against velum - midline closure sometimes
43
describe posterior pharyn wall movement
- anteriorly toward velum - PASSAVANTS ridge: bulge of mm, during speech on ppw, ring around nasopharyn isthmus via palatopharyngeus - little role
44
Describe velopharyngeal function
- Velophar valve closes like sphincter during speech - separates nose from oral cav - regulates/directs transmission of sound energy & airflow into nose & mouth - pressure sens consonant sounds (fries, affrics, plosives, vowels)
45
name the affricate, fricative and stop sounds
fric: f, v, s, sh, z, zh, th, th (voiced), h affric: ch, juh (juice) stops: b, p, t, k, d, g, ?
46
what is the function of the palatoglossus?
lifts back of tongue, lowers velum
47
describe the pharyngeal plexus
- network of nerves - PPW - has branches of glossopharyng & vagus nerve
48
name the 6 cranial nerves involved in sensation & movement in the VP valve
trigeminal (V) facial (VII) glossopharyngeal (IX) vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII)
49
describe the 4 VP closures
- coronal: velum & PPW most common - sagittal pattern: LPW move medially least common - circular pattern: all structures sometimes has passavants ridge
50
describe VPD & the 3 types
- closure of vp port -> absent structural -> insufficient - velum 2 short - cleft palate/split velum physiological -> neurological impairments mislearning -> everything normal, may be hyper nasal, high press sounds
51
describe pneumatic v nonpneumatic activities
nonpneumatic: swallowing, gagging, vomiting pneumatic: positive press -> whistling, blowing, spch negative press -> sucking, kissing
52
Describe the timing part of VP closure
- valve must close b4 phonation starts - closed during speech prod - opens quick for nose sounds & breath
53
describe the height aspect of VP closure
- height differs w/ sound - higher & tighter -> high vowels & pressure - affected via rate & fatigue
54
describe the firmness aspect of VP closure
- gap of 5 mm (20 mm^2) = hyper-nasality threshold - varies
55
what is said about rate & fatigue ? growth & change?
1) velar movement, height, & firmness decrease via rapid rate & mm fatigue 2) velum increases in thickness & length via velar stretch, maturation -> increased oral motor coord
56
describe 4 changes as you age & grow
- facial skeleton -> moves down & forward - PPW -> changes inclination, bends forward - closure -> from below eminence 2 ontop - adenoid tissue evolves -> puberty
57

SPCH 277 (3 decks)

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