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SPCH 277 > Quiz 1 - anat & phys > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - anat & phys Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 crania facial bones

A

temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal

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2
Q

name the 4 craniofacial sutures

A

metric
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid

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3
Q

Name the 2 parts of the external ear

A
  • pinna
  • external auditory canal
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4
Q

name the 3 parts of the middle ear

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • ossicles
  • Eustachian tube
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5
Q

name the 2 parts of the inner ear

A
  • coclea
  • semicircle canal
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6
Q

what mm is before the uvula, on the roof of the mouth?

A

levator veli palatini

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7
Q

which mm’s are lateral to the levator veil palatine

A

tensor veli palatini

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8
Q

what constitutes the velopharyngeal mechanism ?

A

nasal cav, lips, tongue, velum (soft palate), vpp

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9
Q

What is the function of the glottopalatinus mm?

A

elevates posterior tongue, brings velum down

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10
Q

what is the function of the levator veli palatini ?

A

lifts up & back the velum

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11
Q

what is the function of the palatopharyngeus?

A
  • swallowing
  • tenses velum, pulls pharyng walls up/front/middle
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12
Q

what is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

A

opens & closes Eustachian tubes; connects mouth & middle ear

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13
Q

what is the function of the pharyngeal constrictor superior ?

A

move the lateral pharyng walls in

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14
Q

what is the function of the musculus uvulae ?

A

elevate & retract the uvula, shortens velum

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15
Q

describe the embryological dev of the palate & lips

A

both fuse at/from the IF (incisive foramen):

lips -> fuse forward
palate -> fuses/closes backwards

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16
Q

what happens to the orbicular oris during cleft lip?

A

it splits/seperates

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17
Q

what are the parts of the tongue ?

A

ventral (front), dorsal (back)

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18
Q

how many faucial pillars are there ? name them.

A

4, 2 on both sides
- anterior & posterior

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19
Q

what comes after the hard palate (maxilla) ? in order.

A
  • alveolar ridge
  • velum/ soft pal
  • uvula
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20
Q

describe the hard palate/maxilla. hint - vault & ridge too

A
  • separates nasal and oral cavities
  • roof of mouth but floor of nose
  • palatal vault -> dome on upper part of mouth
  • alveolar ridge -> bony support for teeth, place of articulation 4 spch
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21
Q

what is the rugae?

A

ridges
horizontally
front of the palate

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22
Q

define the incisive papilla

A
  • projection of mucosa at area of incisive foramen

(behind central incisor)

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23
Q

define the palatine raphe

A

line from IF to uvula

24
Q

describe the incisive foramen (IF)

A
  • hole
  • allows blood vessels & nerves 2 pass 2 mucosa
  • behind central incisors & alv ridge
  • starting point of Embry dev of lip & pal
25
Q

describe the pre maxilla

A
  • triangle shaped bone
    -bordered via IF & incisive sutures (2x)
  • has 4 maxillary incisors (central & lateral)
26
Q

describe the palatine process of maxilla

A
  • front 3/4th of maxilla
  • 2 plates, split by median palatine suture
  • palatine suture -> groove 4 lower vomer (nasal septum)
27
Q

describe the palatine bones

A
  • back of hard pal
  • transverse palatine suture -> boarders
  • posterior nasal spine (bony projection) -> end
28
Q

what is the torus palatinus ?

A
  • bulging ridge on median palatine
  • Northern Europeans
29
Q

describe the sphenoid & temporal bones

A
  • medial & lateral pterygoid plates -> pterygoid proccess bones
  • pterygoid hamulus -> inferior end off pterygoid plate
  • both provide bony attachment for velopharyngeal musculature
30
Q

describe the velum (soft palate)

A
  • consists of mm & mucosa
  • attached 2 hard pal
    median palatine raphe -> uvula -> posterior boarder
31
Q

what are the 6 external nasal features

A
  • nasal bridge & tip
  • columella
  • nares
  • philtrum
  • ala nasi
  • cupids bow
32
Q

what is the pyriform?

A

pear-shaped hole behind nose (on skull)

33
Q

describe the nasal septum

A

vomer:
- perpedicular
- in median palatine suture groove

Quadrangle septal cart -> perpend plate of ethmoid

34
Q

describe the turbinates & meatuses

A
  • large ridges
  • warms air in nose
    meatuses:
  • space btwn turbinates
35
Q

what 5 structures constitute the pharynx

A
  • posterior pharyng wall
  • ET
  • tonsils
    • Adenoid, tonsils, lingual
  • epiglottis
36
Q

describe the 4 pharyngeal spaces

A
  • Nasopharynx -> above velum
  • oropharynx -> below velum
  • hypo pharynx -> below tongue base
  • posterior pharyng wall
37
Q

describe adenoid pad

A
  • mass of lymphoid tiss
  • posterior pharyn wall
  • prominent -> children
  • children -> veloadenoidal closure
  • adults -> velopharyngeal closure
38
Q

describe the Eustachian tube

A
  • connects middle ear 2 pharynx
  • horizontal until 6 yrs
  • 45 degree angle in adults
39
Q

describe 2 structures in the ET

A

torus tubarius:
- arching ridge, end of ET

salpingopharyngeal folds:
- part of the tor tub, down 2 lateral pharyn wall

40
Q

what are the 3 structures in the velopharyngeal valve ?

A
  • velum
  • lat pharyn wall (LPW)
  • posterior pharyn wall (PPW)
41
Q

describe the movement of the velum

A
  • moves superior/posterior towards pharyn wall
  • ‘type of knee action”
  • rests on tongue for breathing
42
Q

describe the lat pharyn wall movement

A
  • medially
  • LPW against velum
  • midline closure sometimes
43
Q

describe posterior pharyn wall movement

A
  • anteriorly toward velum
  • PASSAVANTS ridge: bulge of mm, during speech on ppw, ring around nasopharyn isthmus via palatopharyngeus
  • little role
44
Q

Describe velopharyngeal function

A
  • Velophar valve closes like sphincter during speech
  • separates nose from oral cav
  • regulates/directs transmission of sound energy & airflow into nose & mouth
  • pressure sens consonant sounds (fries, affrics, plosives, vowels)
45
Q

name the affricate, fricative and stop sounds

A

fric: f, v, s, sh, z, zh, th, th (voiced), h
affric: ch, juh (juice)
stops: b, p, t, k, d, g, ?

46
Q

what is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

lifts back of tongue, lowers velum

47
Q

describe the pharyngeal plexus

A
  • network of nerves
  • PPW
  • has branches of glossopharyng & vagus nerve
48
Q

name the 6 cranial nerves involved in sensation & movement in the VP valve

A

trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)

49
Q

describe the 4 VP closures

A
  • coronal: velum & PPW
    most common
  • sagittal pattern: LPW move medially
    least common
  • circular pattern: all structures
    sometimes has passavants ridge
50
Q

describe VPD & the 3 types

A
  • closure of vp port -> absent

structural -> insufficient
- velum 2 short
- cleft palate/split velum

physiological -> neurological impairments

mislearning -> everything normal, may be hyper nasal, high press sounds

51
Q

describe pneumatic v nonpneumatic activities

A

nonpneumatic: swallowing, gagging, vomiting

pneumatic:
positive press -> whistling, blowing, spch
negative press -> sucking, kissing

52
Q

Describe the timing part of VP closure

A
  • valve must close b4 phonation starts
  • closed during speech prod
  • opens quick for nose sounds & breath
53
Q

describe the height aspect of VP closure

A
  • height differs w/ sound
  • higher & tighter -> high vowels & pressure
  • affected via rate & fatigue
54
Q

describe the firmness aspect of VP closure

A
  • gap of 5 mm (20 mm^2) = hyper-nasality threshold
  • varies
55
Q

what is said about rate & fatigue ? growth & change?

A

1) velar movement, height, & firmness decrease via rapid rate & mm fatigue

2) velum increases in thickness & length via velar stretch, maturation -> increased oral motor coord

56
Q

describe 4 changes as you age & grow

A
  • facial skeleton -> moves down & forward
  • PPW -> changes inclination, bends forward
  • closure -> from below eminence 2 ontop
  • adenoid tissue evolves -> puberty
57
Q
A

SPCH 277 (3 decks)

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