Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mammalian Physiology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors essential for cell differentiation

A

Cell-cell communication, growth factors, ECM, cell location in differentiating embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Totipotent

A

Most undifferentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pluripotent

A

Becomes trophoblast with ICM, forms placenta and fetal membranes (three membranes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multipotent

A

Adult stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ectoderm gives rise to…

A

Skin and nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to…

A

Blood, circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endoderm gives rise to…

A

Lining of digestive and resp systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 major tissue types

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A

One or more layers of densely arranged cells with very little ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Connective tissue characteristics

A

Few cells surrounded by lots of ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ECM made from

A

Secretions of fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscle tissue characteristics

A

Long, fiberlike cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when blood glucose rises?

A

Beta cells in pancreas release insulin, insulin signals to the liver to take up glucose and store as glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when blood glucose falls?

A

Alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon, glucagon signals to the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 levels of homeostatic control

A

Intracellular, intrinsic, extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is loose connective tissue found?

A

Skin, blood vessels, organs, under epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

A

Muscle and nerve sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

A

Tendons (bone to muscle) and ligaments (bone to bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Skeletal muscle has…

A

Striations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cardiac muscle has…

A

Striations, intercalated disks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Smooth muscle has…

A

NO striations

22
Q

Two ways to get stem cells for research

A

From embryos or somatic cell nuclear transfer

23
Q

Factors to induce pluripotency

A

Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4

24
Q

What cells are used to make iPS cells

A

Fibroblasts

25
Q

Tetraploid complementation

A

Fuse 2 cells from early embryo to verify the source of the ESCs

26
Q

What are some characteristics of integrins

A

Join cell-cell or cell-ECM, heterodimer made of alpha and beta subunits, involved in wound healing and embryo attachment

27
Q

Tay-sachs disease

A

Caused by a failure to produce an enzyme need to break down lipid-gangliosides

28
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Genes off

29
Q

Euchromatin

A

Genes on

30
Q

Microfilaments function

A

Muscle contraction, form microvilli

31
Q

Intermediate filament function

A

Protective outer layer of the skin

32
Q

Microtubule function

A

Move things around the cell, form cilia and flagella

33
Q

3 types of cell junctions

A

Gap junctions, tight junctions, anchoring junctions

34
Q

Desmosomes hold together…

A

Skin cells

35
Q

What uses gap junctions?

A

The heart

36
Q

What connections are in intercalated disks?

A

Desmosomes and gap junctions

37
Q

Where are tight junctions found?

A

Intestinal epithelium, kidneys

38
Q

What is CREM?

A

The transcription factor in the testes that is needed for sperm production

39
Q

TATA box determines…

A

Enhancers and silencers

40
Q

Mutations in the TATA sequence can lead to…

A

Gastric cancer, huntingtons, blindness

41
Q

Single cell RNA sequencing is a way to…

A

Get a more uniform population of cells

42
Q

Channel proteins are divided into…

A

Gated and open

43
Q

Carrier proteins are divided into…

A

Uniport, symport, antiport

44
Q

SGLT Transporter

A

Secondary active transport, glucose tags along with sodium to be reabsorbed

45
Q

Where is exchange epithelium found?

A

Resp and urinary systems

46
Q

Where is transporting epithelium found?

A

Digestive and urinary systems

47
Q

What does a mutated CFTR result in?

A

Defective cAMP activated Cl and Na channel present on the surface of epithelial cells, NaCl stays trapped in the cell and dehydrates mucous

48
Q

Structural proteins are found in…

A

Cell junctions and cytoskeleton

49
Q

Membrane enzymes are active in…

A

Metabolism and signal transfer

50
Q

Membrane receptors are active in…

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis and signal transfer

Mammalian Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions