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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

head, eyes, toes pointed anterior
palm side, hands by side
legs close and parallel

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2
Q

Fowler’s position

A

sitting upright with legs extended

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3
Q

Prone position

A

lying flat on the anterior surface of body (belly side)

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4
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

long-leg sitting with the head of the bed at 45 degrees (sitting tilted)

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5
Q

Supine Position

A

lying flat on back

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6
Q

Trendelenburg Position

A

lying with your head lower than your feet (feet in air)

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7
Q

Frontal Plane

A

(coronal) cuts into front and backs (ventral and dorsal)

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8
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

divides body into right and left parts (side views)

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9
Q

Transverse Plane

A

cuts body into top and bottoms

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10
Q

Oblique Plane

A

anything that does not fit other categories, think diagonal

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11
Q

abdominal

A

belly area (abs)

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12
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

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13
Q

acromial

A

edge collarbone

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14
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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15
Q

brachial

A

bicep, upper arm

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16
Q

buccal

A

cheekbone

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17
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

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18
Q

carpal

A

wrist

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19
Q

coxal

A

side hip bone

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20
Q

cranial

A

top head

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21
Q

crural

A

shin

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22
Q

cubital

A

crease of elbow

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23
Q

dorsum of hand and foot

A

back of hand and top of foot

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24
Q

facial

A

face

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25
Q

femoral

A

thigh

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26
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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27
Q

gluteal

A

butt

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28
Q

hallux

A

big toe

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29
Q

inguinal

A

inner thigh

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30
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

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31
Q

mammary

A

breast

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32
Q

mental

A

chin

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33
Q

nasal

A

nose

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34
Q

occipital

A

bottom, back of head

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35
Q

olecranol

A

back elbow

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36
Q

oral

A

mouth

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37
Q

orbital

A

eye

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38
Q

palmar

A

hand, above carpal

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39
Q

patellar

A

knee

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40
Q

pectoral

A

chest

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41
Q

perineal

A

genitals

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42
Q

phalangeal

A

4 fingers

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43
Q

plantar

A

bottom of foot (think: plant feet)

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44
Q

pollex

A

thumb

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45
Q

popliteal

A

back knee

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46
Q

pubic

A

above perineal

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47
Q

sacral

A

upper of tailbone

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48
Q

scapular

A

scapula, top back

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49
Q

sternal

A

middle of ribs

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50
Q

tarsal

A

ankle, cut over

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51
Q

temporal

A

side of head (temples)

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52
Q

thoracic

A

chest to bottom of ribs

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53
Q

umbillical

A

belly button

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54
Q

vertebral

A

spinal column

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55
Q

simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

one layer, squished cells

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56
Q

stratified cuboidal ET

A

multiple layers, cube shape

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57
Q

simple columnar ET

A

one layer, stretched columns with cilia

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58
Q

transitional ET

A

thinner at bottom, mesh into cube shape at top

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59
Q

simple cuboidal ET

A

one layer, cube shape

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60
Q

stratified squamous ET

A

multiple layers, squished shape

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61
Q

stratified columnar ET

A

multiple layers, column shape

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62
Q

pseudostratified columnar ET

A

tricky because looks like the cells are stacked on top of one another but it is actually simple not stratified, one layer with cilia

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63
Q

hyaline cartilage - specialized connective tissue

A

joint surfaces, ribs, nose, larynx, trachea - has collagen in the matrix
-chondrocyte in the lacuna

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64
Q

elastic cartilage

A

lungs, arteries, have elastic and collagen

-a lot more purple of coloring, which is the elastic fibers

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65
Q

fibrocartilage

A

blue
disks of spinal cord, insertions of ligaments and tendons
-collagen

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66
Q

central canal of compact bone

A

dark circle in the middle

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67
Q

osteon of compact bone

A

the whole circle with canal in middle

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68
Q

canaliculi of compact bone

A

spider web things

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69
Q

osteocyte of compact bone

A

small black ‘dots’

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70
Q

white on spongy bone

A

bone marrow space

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71
Q

little dots (more purple) on spongy bone

A

osteocytes

72
Q

more solid pink space on spongy bone

A

trabeculae

73
Q

spongy bone does not have

A

central canal or osteons

74
Q

reticular specialized connective tissue

A

blood cells with elastic ribers

75
Q

adipose specialized connective tissue

A

small white circles - adipocytes

76
Q

blood (is a connective tissue)

A

plasma = white space, purple = leukocyte, red = erythrocyte

77
Q

areolar connective tissue proper

A

elastic fibers = long, skinny purple
fibroblast = make collagen, purple dots
collagen = protein fibers, strong, thicker and pink
mast cell = cell of immune system with heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (inflammatory response), the larger purple cells
location - between dermis and epidermis

78
Q

elastic connective tissue proper

A

only elastic fibers, long wavy structures

79
Q

dense regular connective tissue proper

A

pink with tiny purple nucleus squished to side (are the fibroblasts) with pink collagen fiber

80
Q

dense irregular connective tissue proper

A

collagen fibers only, more disorganized than the others

81
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

striations with parallel lines of pink tissue, purple nuclei on outside

82
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

nucleus are the darker purple, whole slide is purple, can see dark lines = intercalated disks along with striations of cardiac muscle fibers

83
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

have longitudinal and cross sectional, lighter pink/pale pink with purple as nucleus
-more circular = cross sectional

84
Q

giant multipolar neuron

A

small cells = neuroglial cells (helper/support cell)
cell body is dark body in middle
projections = processes of the neuron

85
Q

epidermis

A

top layers of skin (4 in thin and 5 in thick)

86
Q

dermis

A

below epidermis, has the capillaries that diffuse nutrients into epidermis

87
Q

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

A

fatty layer, adipose tissue is largely part of this

88
Q

dermal papillae

A

the parts of the dermis that go up into the epidermal space, hold the capilaries

89
Q

capillaries

A

in dermal papillae, small blood vessels

90
Q

arteries

91
Q

veins

92
Q

difference between thick and thin skin

A

thick has basal lucidum, thin does not

93
Q

layers of epidermis (come let’s get sun burned)

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

94
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial skin

A

all layers have nuclei (mucousy places such as mouth and esophogus)

95
Q

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial skin

A

top layer has no nuceli, look like fibers (found on surface of skin)

96
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

composed of dense irregular and areolar CT

97
Q

reticular layer of dermis

A

primarily composed of dense irregular only (2nd layer)

98
Q

sweat gland

A

in dermis, tube/ball like structure (cross section - the middle would be white)

99
Q

sebaceous gland

A

attached with hair follicle, oil production

100
Q

free nerve ending

A

in epidermis, no small balls on top, pain

101
Q

Merkel discs

A

epidermis, small bulbs on top, light touch

102
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

dermis, light touch, structure inside the bulbs

103
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

dermis, high pressure, more circular shape & deeper

104
Q

Ruffini endings

A

light pink and dermis, pressure/heat

105
Q

hair root plexus

A

feed nutrients to the hair

106
Q

hair follicle

A

the whole structure

107
Q

hair shaft

A

hair part growing

108
Q

matrix of hair follicle

A

stem cells outside the shaft

109
Q

dermal papilla

A

small indent at bottom, where shaft starts growing

110
Q

cuticle of hair shaft

A

outermost layer of shaft

111
Q

cortex of hair shaft

A

inbetween cuticle and medulla

112
Q

medulla of hair shaft

A

inner, middle of the cortex

113
Q

fissure (bone)

A

narrow slit opening or passageway for vessels or nerves

114
Q

foramen (bone)

A

round or oval passageway for vessels and/or nerves (jugular foramen)

115
Q

meatus or canal (bone)

A

tunnel-like passageway through bone for vessels and/or nerves (auditory meatus of temporal bone)

116
Q

sinus (bone)

A

a chamber filled within bone, typically air filled (frontal sinus of frontal bone)

117
Q

groove or sulcus (bone)

A

long, shallow depression or furrow in bone for vessels and/or nerves (intertubercular sulcus of humerus)

118
Q

fossa (bone)

A

shallow depression of bone

119
Q

head (bone) joints

A

rounded, articulating end of bone (top of femur)

120
Q

neck (bone) joints

A

narrowing of bone between head and shaft of long bone

121
Q

facet (bone) joints

A

smooth, flat articular surface

122
Q

condyle (bone) joints

A

bony projection with smooth articulating surface

123
Q

trochlea (bone) joints

A

smooth, grooved articular surface shaped like a pulley

124
Q

Ramus (bone) joints

A

extension or shaft of bone that forms an angle

125
Q

joints

A

bone to bone contact

126
Q

Tuberosity (bone) connective tissue attachments

A

large, rounded process with roughened surface

127
Q

tubercle (bone) CT attach

A

small, rounded process

128
Q

trochanter (bone) CT attach

A

large, blunt irregular projections

129
Q

crest (bone) CT attach

A

prominent ridge on bone

130
Q

line (bone) CT attach

A

low ridge on bone, less prominent than a crest

131
Q

spine (bone) CT attach

A

slender, pointed process on bone

132
Q

epicondyle (bone) CT attach

A

projection or ridge above condyle

133
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide (femur, humerus)

134
Q

short bones

A

without a long axis, carpals or tarsals

135
Q

flat bones

A

thin, flat, somewhat curved (ribs, cranial bones)

136
Q

irregular bones

A

complex shapes (vertebrae, sacrum, mandible)

137
Q

sesamoid bones

A

developed within tendons (patella, bones under forefoot)

138
Q

sutural bones

A

small, odd flat bones between flat bones of skull

139
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of long bone, primarily composed of spongy bone with a thin cover of compact bone

140
Q

articular surface

A

area where long bone articulates with another bone, covered by hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage

141
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the long bone, primarily composed of compact bone and surrounds marrow cavity

142
Q

marrow (medullary) cavity

A

internal space that houses marrow, location of blood cell development (red) or fat storage (yellow)

143
Q

metaphysis

A

between epiphysis and diaphysis

144
Q

periosteum

A

vascularized, dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer bony surface, except the articular surface. It attaches to bone via Sharpey’s fibers

145
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

strong collagen fibers that connect periosteum to bone

146
Q

endosteum

A

connective tissue that lines the marrow cavity and trabeculae of bones

147
Q

nutrient foramen

A

passage through bone which allows nutrient blood vessels to enter and nourish interior aspects of bone

148
Q

epiphyseal line

A

bondy scar where the growth (epiphyseal) plate once was at the union between the epiphysis and diaphysis

149
Q

compact bone

A

forms the walls and external surfaces of bone

150
Q

spongy bone

A

forms the honey-comb internal structure of the bone

151
Q

bony fusion - synostosis

A

cranial, first rib to sternum

152
Q

Suture (fibrous)

A

cranial suture, skull only

153
Q

Gomphosis (fibrous)

A

tooth in socket (peg- in - socket)

154
Q

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

A

ankle joint, fibrous connection between ligament/tendon and joint

155
Q

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

A

sternocostal (connecting medium is hyaline cartilage)

156
Q

Symphysis (cartilaginous)

A

intervertebral discs between 2 vertebrae

157
Q

Synovial

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket

158
Q

plane

A

acromioclavicular joint (more of a flat surface)

159
Q

hinge

A

atlanto-axial joint, with the vertebrae, backward and forward movement

160
Q

pivot

A

elbow joint, allows twisting motion

161
Q

saddle

A

ex: carpometacarpal joint, concave and convex surfaces

162
Q

condyloid

A

ex: metacarpophalangeal joint, an ovoid articular surface received into a cavity

163
Q

right and left lateral flexion

A

thinking bending neck or trunk to the left or right

164
Q

internal rotation

A

toward/inward to body

165
Q

external rotation

A

outward from body

166
Q

protraction

A

pushing with scapula (push out shoulders)

167
Q

retraction

A

closer to spine

168
Q

elevation

A

shrug shoulders, upwards

169
Q

depression

A

push shoulders down, downward

170
Q

pronation

A

forearm, wrist, posteriorly

171
Q

supination

A

palm anteriorly

172
Q

plantarflexion

A

ankle, point toes

173
Q

dorsiflexion

A

toes up, weight on heel

174
Q

inversion

A

sole foot inward

175
Q

eversion

A

sole foot outward

Anatomy Lab (2 decks)

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