Quiz 1 Flashcards
Who is the father of modern taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
What two main categories did Aristotle classify animals?
blood and bloodless
taxonomy
the study of classifications of organisms
Binomial nomenclature
the two-part scientific name given to an organism
Tyrannosaurus rex
must be italic
Traditional (Linnean) Taxonomy
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, Family, Genus Species
Posterior
Rear
Distal
away from the center of the body
Proximal
near the center of the body`
Dorsal
top of the body
Ventral
bottom of the body
anterior
front of the body
Phylogeny
an evolutionary tree that indicates closeness of relationships
Cladistics
phylogenetic analysis involving the search for monophyletic groups by means of character analysis
Clade
a group of taxa all united by common descent
Grade
a group of taxa successively branching off a main stem
Taxon
a particular species or clade
outgroup
taxa outside the clade of interest
ingroup
taxa within the clade of interest
sister group
the most closely related group to the group of interest
monophyly
a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor
paraphyly
a group that includes the most recent common ancestor
polyphyly
unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor
Character
an observable trait
apomorphy
a character distinct to a particular taxon
Synapomorphy
an apomorphy uniting two or more taxa that is particular to those taxa
plesiomorphy
a character uniting two more taxa that is retained from more basal taxa
Homology
resemblance in biological structure or function that is the result of shared common ancestry
analogy
comparable biological structures or functions that arose independently
extant phylogenetic bracket
a fossil organism should be interpreted in light of the living organisms that bracket it in the phylogenetic tree
problems of traditional Christian thought
Doesn’t match the world we see around us
Is not demanded by Scripture
Creates theological/philosophical problems when it comes to natural evil.
Darwinism
similarities are due to common descent
Problems with darwinism
Convergence
horizontal gene transfer
Common Blueprint
Organisms share similarities because they exist in a nested hierarchy because of a common blueprint used by the Creator
Common Descent
These are similarities due to descent from a common ancestor
Common Event
Organisms that share similarities that they developed in real time because of
Convergence
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Common Function
Some organisms share similarities because of the created function, but not because of nested hierarchy.
Baraminology
Discontinuity Systematics + Young Earth Creationism
Holobaramin
A group containing all organisms that share continuity and are discontinuous from all other organisms
Monobaramin
A group of organisms sharing continuity
Apobaramin
A group of organisms that are discontinuous from all other organisms
Polybaramin
An artificial grouping of organisms, not considering continuity or discontinuity
What are dinosaurs
Vertebrate
Reptiles
Diapsids
Archosaurs
Archosaurs with erect posture, perforated acetabulum, ascending astragalar process on front surface of tibia
archosaurs
ruling reptiles
