Quiz 1 Flashcards
Bias in clinical reasoning (4)
- Prior info about dx
- Confirmation bias
- Memory bias
- Conservatism
Structuring exam to confirm what you suspect is true is ____
Confirmation bias
Influenced by a past patient episode of care is example of ____
Memory bias
Continue to maintain initial hypothesis despite gathering info that does NOT support it is example of ____
Conservatism
Making justified deductions based on what is obviously relevant
Logical thinking
Taking info that may not have a clear connection to the health condition and considers possibility that there is a cause-effect relationship
Lateral thinking
Includes the development of a hypothesis and pursuit of info to support or eliminate that hypothesis
____ reasoning generally involves experience to identify a clinical pattern
Inductive reasoning
Treatments may follow a protocol
Ex: clinical prediction rule
Inductive reasoning-> ____
Pattern recognition
____ reasoning- form a hypothesis on the basis of info gathered in exam (results of PMH, interview, and clinical exam evaluated to develop a hypothesis)
Deductive reasoning
Include multiple variables to determine dx or treatment plan
Ex: ICF model
Emphasis on function of patient, not on the health condition (diagnosis)
ICF
Classification system used to describe the health of a person at a particular point in time
ICF
2 main ICF components
1: functioning and disability
2: contextual factors
ICF:
Part 1- functioning and disability
Includes?
Body function and structures
Activities and participation
ICF:
Part 2- contextual factors
Includes?
Environmental factors
Personal factors
ICF:
Part 2- contextual factors
Environmental factors
Not within the person’s control: gov’t agencies, laws , religious and personal beliefs
Also includes family and work
ICF:
Part 2- contextual factors
Personal factors
Race, gender, age, educational level, coping styles…
Physical activity and physical fitness are immensely powerful in their ability to ….
Both prolong and enhance the QOL
MET-hours per week
Mortality
About 70% of benefit reaches by ___
8.25 MET-hours per week
___% reduce mortality in highly active vs low active men
22%
Men over 65, mortality reduces by __% for activity
33% moderate activity
45% vigorous activity
19% drop in mortality with physical activity
Physical pam’s mortality
More pronounced benefit from exercise in __
Women than in men
Activities not limited to aerobic exercise- and includes gardening, housework and dancing
Resistance training of 30 minutes or more per week is associated with
A 23% lower risk of coronary heart disease
____ is greater than obesity, smoking, high cholesterol and DM combined for all-cause mortality
Low CRF (cardio respiratory fitness)
The primary reason to emphasize a physically active lifestyle is to avoid the “disease syndrome”
aka “downward spiral of chronic disease” which includes….
- Low functional capacity
- Reduced gait speed
- Loss of independence
- Increased weight gain
- Insulin resistance
- Gradual deterioration towards disability
- Higher all-cause mortality rates
Appx ___ of population is totally sedentary and ___of population does not meet DHHS guidelines for physical activity
1/4 totally sedentary
2/3 don’t meet guidelines for activity
