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Theater History > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

ministerium

A

Latin for religious service or office

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2
Q

Mystery Plays

A

biblical stories about Christ or from the Old Testament – usually done in cycles.

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3
Q

Miracle Plays

A

Religious drama retelling the lives of saints, both historical and legendary

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4
Q

Morality Plays

A

didactic allegories, often of common man’s struggle for salvation

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5
Q

Chester Cycle

A

Mystery play cycle of 25 plays, from fall of Lucifer to Doomsday

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6
Q

Wakefield cycle

A

Mystery plays cycle that was realistic; had high literary value

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7
Q

York Plays

A

Mystery play cycle of 48 plays, more crude and didactic

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8
Q

Quem Quaeritis Trope

A 
around 925 
idea was "whom do you seek?"
By 1000, plays during service became common
-- performed by clergy
-- taught a moral lesson
-- chanted in Latin
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9
Q

Chauvet Cave

A
    • Has art that is over 30,000 years old; the oldest ever documented
    • Discovered in 1994 in France
    • flow of drawings seemed to be aided by torches
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10
Q

Ancient Egyptian “Theater”

A
    • Pyramid Texts
    • Coronation Festival at the coronation of each pharoah
    • Heb Sed: a play about the Pharoah that was performed on his 30th year
    • No real dialogue between characters
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11
Q

Ikhernofret’s Stone

A
    • first recorded theaterical performance
    • discussed a priests’s duties in a passion play
    • dates to around 1820 BC
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12
Q

resurrection theme

A

part of a multi-day religious festival. Gory story about Set and Orisis in the Nile

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13
Q

Passion Play

A
    • legend central to belief in rebirth

- - important idea of chaos being overcome

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14
Q

Phaistos

A
    • Oldest cultic theater was in Phaistos in Crete. dated 1900-1700 BCE
    • could fit up to 300 people
    • square court (23 x 23) , probs held stools or benches for spectators
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15
Q

Knossos

A
    • Cultic Crete theater

- - 500 spectators

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16
Q

Sacred Grove Fresco

A
    • shows women dancing in a chorus or acting.

- - all facing left, likely at a goddess’ shrine

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17
Q

Ritual

A
  • -rituals are performed to placate the gods and secure a society’s survival.
  • -ritual plots were derived from the myths of the god in whose honor the ritual was performed
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18
Q

Theatrical Drama

A
    • theater aims at affecting how things are PERCEIVED, and has thoughts about them
    • civic and social event which features an entertaining performance in front of an audience.
    • not sure this happened before Greece.
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19
Q

City Dionysia Festival

A
    • multi-day festival for Dionysis, god God of wine, fertility, revelry, and theater
    • theatre evolved from festivals surrounding him that started around 700 BC
    • first major play festival:
    • each playwright had to enter 3 tragedies and 1 satyr play (a tetrology)
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20
Q

Thespis

A
  • -first Thespian
  • -6th century
  • -earliest recorded actor
  • -first person to step out of the chorus while delivering a prologue and spoke while impersonating a character
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21
Q

tragedy

A

A play in which the main character(s) struggle against an outside force, and usually comes to a disastrous conclusion

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22
Q

Satyr Play

A

a bunch of people dressed as Satyrs jumped around onstage as a pallete cleanser
– includes Cyclops (Euripides)

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23
Q

Aeschylus

A

525-455 BC

    • first to develop drama into a form separate from singing, dancing, and storytelling.
    • added a second actor
    • reduced chorus size from 50 to 12
    • also a soldier
    • wrote 90 plays, 7 still exist
    • The Suppliants
    • The Persians
    • Seven Against Theebs
    • Prometheus Bound
    • Orestia (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers and Eumenides)
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24
Q

Sophocles

A

496-406 BC

    • introduced the third actor
    • more actor-led than chorus led
    • chorus size to 15
    • 120 plays / 7 survived
    • Ajax
    • Antigone
    • Oedipus Rex
    • Electra
    • Oedipus at Colonus
25
Q

Euripides

A

480-406 BC

    • Developed the Prologue
    • Emphasis on personal life and daily living
    • 18 surivivng texts;
    • serious controversial issues in society: roles of women and illegitimate children
    • Medea
    • The Trojan Women
    • Electra
    • The Bacchae
    • Iphigenia At Aulis
26
Q

Aristotle

A

384-322

– main purpose of a tragedy is catharsis

27
Q

Theater at Delphi

A
    • Audience (Theatron)
    • Orchestra (Altar)
    • Skene (stage house) in the back
    • usually just a door
28
Q

Proskenion

A

a raised platform that supported a small stage. (proscenium)

29
Q

Parados

A

(or entrance) to the side

30
Q

periaktos

A

Triangle prisms which could be pivoted to reveal three different backgrounds

31
Q

ekkyklema

A

A platform on wheels used to display the effect of violence within a play (body cart)

32
Q

Mechane

A

a crane-like machine that was used to lower an actor (usually playing the part of a god), onto the stage in order to fix the problems at hand

33
Q

Parode

A

When the Greek chorus gives background info, and establishes history

34
Q

“Old Comedy” era

A

Pelopennisian War - 405BC

    • generally political and social satire
    • slapstick, bawdy, scatalogical.
    • chorus was important
    • only one we really know much about was Aristophanes
35
Q

Aristophanes

A

446-386BC

    • 40 plays; 11 survive
    • The Clouds
    • The Birds
    • Lysistrata
    • Frogs
36
Q

Parodos

A

entrance of the chorus, often dance and sung

37
Q

Agon

A

debate about the happy idea, a decision is reached to try the crazy scheme

38
Q

Parabasis

A

choral ode, literally meaning “going aside” that addresses audiences directly

39
Q

Episodes

A

second part of play; shows result of adopting the happy idea

40
Q

Exodus

A

reconciliation and revelry, often a banquet in a comedy

41
Q

Menander

A

Synonymous with new comedy

    • “The Grouch” the guy who falls down a well
    • 100 plays,
    • Imitated Euripides and was adapted by roman Writers Terence and Plautus
    • One of the first to use “Stock Characters”
42
Q

Hrosvitha of Gandershelm

A

935-1001

    • Earliest known female dramatist
    • nun who read and wrote in Latin
    • Used Terrence as a model, wrote 6 plays, as well as poetry, history, and biographies of saints
43
Q

Plautus

A
  • -254-184BCE
    • First professional playwright
    • comic
    • 100 written/ 20 surivived (all set in Greece)
    • Adapted stuff from Greek new comedy (in fact often quoted it)
    • wrote for the masses
    • Bacchides (?)
    • The Menaechmi
    • The Merchant
    • The Carthaginians
    • the Rope
    • Miles Gloriosus
    • The Girl from Persia
44
Q

The Menaechemi

A
    • one of the most well known Plautus plays
    • involves a set of twins and mistaken identity
    • basis for comedy of errors and boys from syracus
45
Q

Peniculus

A

aka sponge,

– stock chaacter who was a parasite

46
Q

Erotium

A

stock character: comic Courtesan

47
Q

Messenio

A

stock character: comic servant

48
Q

Miles Glorious

A
    • Plautus play

- - established the braggart soldier stock character

49
Q

Terrence

A
    • possibly the first black playwright
    • may have been a slave freed by his owner (not a race thing, a conquered thing)
    • plays survived because they were in AMAZING latin, so the Catholic church kept his plays around to teach latin
50
Q

Seneca

A
    • during emperor Nero
    • pretty much redid all the Greek greatest hits but made them much more gory
    • started including ghosts, restless spirits
    • revenge plays
51
Q

Pantomime

A

Storytelling dance with music (lutes, pipes, cymbals) and a chorus
Used masks, story-telling, mythology or historical stories, usually serious but sometimes comic

52
Q

Mime

A
  • -Short, not verbal
  • -much more acrobatic
  • -Violence and sex depicted literally
    • scoffed at Christianity
    • much more risque
53
Q

histriones

A

actors in rome (who were generally men)

– women were in mimes

54
Q

Rocius

A

famous roman actor who was raised to nobility

55
Q

Theodora

A

star actress who married emperor Jusinian of the eastern empire in 6th century AD but had to renounce her profession

56
Q

Theater of Pompey the Great

A
    • closer to nature

- - larger than Greek theaters (could fit more people)

57
Q

Horace

A

wrote the Ars Poetica (art of poetry), discussing the origins, forms, and ends of drama.

– plays should be both useful (utilis) and pleasing (dulce)

58
Q

Medieval Cornish Round Theater

A

– first theater in the round (?)

Theater History (3 decks)

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