QUIZ 1

Question 1

Ultrasound

Answer 1

Sound waves encounter tissue w/ acoustic mismatch –> reflected back to transducer

Question 2

What is difference b/w ACOG and AIUM exams?

Answer 2

Cervical & adnexal evaluation on standard exam

Question 3

1st trimester scope of practice

Answer 3

• +/- intrauterine pregnancy
• +/- gestational sac
• fetal number
• +/- cardiac activity
• estimate GA via CRL

Question 4

1st trimester pregnancy complications

Answer 4

• anembryonic pregnancy
• ectopic pregnancy
• threatened, incomplete, complete, or missed abortion
• molar pregnancy
• multiple gestation

Question 5

2nd/3rd tri scope of practice

Answer 5

• +/- fetal cardiac activity
• fetal number
• fetal presentation
• placental location
• amniotic fluid volume
• BPP and modified BPP
• biometric measurements to estimate fetal age and weight
• cervical length measurement
• use as adjunct to U/S-guided procedures

Question 6

B-mode

Answer 6

2-D in grey scale

- returning echoes create pixels on screen

Question 7

M-mode

Answer 7

cardiac imaging/motion

- gives estimation of FHR

Question 8

doppler

Answer 8

vascular flow in tissue

• color: red = towards transducer; blue = away
• power: flow based on amplitude
• spectral: velocity of flow

Question 9

echogenic

Answer 9

ability of structure to produce echoes

Question 10

anechoic

Answer 10

no echoes

Question 11

hypoechoic

Answer 11

less reflective; low amount of echoes - appears gray

Question 12

hyperechoic/echogenic

Answer 12

highly reflective, echo-rich

Question 13

isoechoic

Answer 13

similar echogenicity to neighboring structure

Question 14

homonogenous texture

Answer 14

organ parenchyma is uniform in echogenicity

Question 15

inhomogeneous/heterogeneous

Answer 15

organ parenchyma is not uniform in echogenicity

Question 16

reverberation

Answer 16

artifacts that appear as multiple equally spaced lines along a ray line caused by sound bouncing back and forth b/w tissue boundaries and returning to receiver

Question 17

acoustic enhancement

Answer 17

hyperechoic pattern to poorly or non-attenuating structure or mass

Question 18

shadowing

Answer 18

appears as hypoechoic pattern to highly attenuating structures

Question 19

ALARA Principle

Answer 19

as low as reasonably achievable

Question 20

thermal index (TI)

Answer 20

<0.7

Question 21

1st tri gestational sac

Answer 21

TV: 4-4.5 wks from LMP
Abd: 5-5.5
grows 1mm daily

Question 22

failed pregnancy

Answer 22

gestational sac >25mm w/out embryo

Question 23

redate

Answer 23

≤8.6 w/ >5 day discrepancy

9.0 - 13.6 w/ >7 day

Question 24

biometry

Answer 24

estimated fetal weight and GA after 14 wks

based on

1) biparietal diameter
2) head circumference
3) abdominal circumference

Question 25

biophysical profile parameters

Answer 25

1) NST (reactive)
2) fluid (≥2cm pocket)
3) breathing (30 sec)
4) tone (1 episode)
5) movement (3 gross body movements)

Question 26

BPP interpretation

Answer 26

• 2 or 0 for each parameter
• 8-10: reassuring
• 6: equivocal; re-test in 12-24h
• 4/10: abnormal; high probability asphyxia
• 2/10: fetal asphyxia almost certain
• 0/10: fetal asphyxia certain

Question 27

modified BPP

Answer 27

NST + AFI

Question 28

oligohydraminos

Answer 28

AFI ≤5cm; DVP <2cm

Question 29

normal AFI

Answer 29

5

Question 30

polyhydraminos

Answer 30

AFI ≥24cm; DVP ≥8cm

Question 31

contraction stress test

Answer 31

monitor FHR and uterine contraction activity for 10-20 mins

≥3 contractions lasting 40 seconds each in 10 mins = no uterine stimulation necessary