Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pain Science > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pain is an unpleasant _ and_ _ associated with _ or _ tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.

A

Pain in an unpleasant SENSORY AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE associated with ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are nociceptive mechanisms classified? (2)

A

Peripheral and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nociceptive neurons are excited by _ _ but does not necessarily correlate to _.

A

Nociceptive neurons are excited by NOXIOUS STIMULI but does not necessarily correlate to PAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 associated structures under the central pain mechanism?

A

Spinal/ brainstem mechanism

Cortical mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_ is noxious stimuli converted to electrical current. _ is communication along nociceptors axons to cell bodies in the DRG of spinal cord.

A

TRANSDUCTION is noxious stimuli converted to electrical current.

CONDUCTION is communication along nociceptors axons to cell bodies in the DRG of spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_ occurs when inflammatory mediator across synapse to dorsal horn.

A

TRANSMISSION occurs when . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflammatory mediators and nociception is a _ process.

A

Is a COMPLEX PROCESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Substance P, immune cells (natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, WBC’s (neutrophils, mast cells, etc), cytokines, enzymes (cyclooxygenase- COX), and proteins (bradykinins, prostaglandins, etc) are all examples of

A

All examples of inflammatory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_ _ is increased responsiveness and reduced threshold of nociceptive neurons in the periphery to the stimulation of their receptive feilds.

A

PERIPHERAL SENSTIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_ _ is increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the CNS to their normal or subthreshold afferent input

A

CENTRAL SENSITIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the term used for normal peripheral pain?

A

Primary hyperalgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary hyperalgesia is a state of increased intensity of pain sensation induced by either a _ or _ _ _ of peripheral tissue.

A

Is a state of increased intensity of pain sensation induced by either a NOXIOUS or ORDINARILY NON-NOXIOUS STIMULATION of peripheral tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the term for chronic pain due to central sensitization?

A

ALLYODYNIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allodynia is pain that is not induced by _ _ _, but is induced by _ _ _ or _ fibers.

A

Is not induced by NOCICEPTIVE NERV FIBERS but is induced by LOW-THRESHOLD ALPHABETA OR C fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it important to know which mechanism is at play when it comes to pain?

A

So you can determine if meds are appropriate to presenting symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_ _ and _ in the _ __ are the main target for nociceptive primary afferents

A

LAMINAE I AND II in the SPINAL DORSAL HORN are the main target for nociceptive primary afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Laminae I-IV in the spinal dorsal horn are all _ _ _

A

Laminae I-IV in the spinal dorsal horn are all SENSORY PRIMARY AFFERENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_ _ within Laminae _ and _ account for most nociceptive input to the brain.

A

PROJECTION NEURONS with Laminae I and IV account for most nociceptive input to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1/3 of neurons use _ or _ as neurotransmitters to INHIBIT other spinal neurons like projection neurons

A

1/3 of neurons use GABA OR GLYCINE as neurotransmitters . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The NK1 receptor for substance P has the highest concentration in?

A

In Laminae I

21
Q

Inhibitory neurons are _ and excitatory neurons are _.

A

inhibitory- GABAERGIC

Excitatory- GLUTAMATERGIC

22
Q

Which neural tract is responsible for nociception, temperature and itching sensation? Are most numerous in the _ and _ _. Another large populations of STT cells is widely distributed _ throughout the - _.

A

SPINOTHALAMIC

Are most numerous in the CERVICAL and LUMBOSACRAL ENLARGEMENTS

Another large population of STT cells is widely distributed BILATERALLY throughout the C1-C2 SEGMENTS

23
Q

There are _ _ _ that end in the thalamus.

A

There are 6 SPINOTHALAMIC TERMINATIONS that end in the thalamus

24
Q

STT termination: The posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus projects to the _ _ _ for interoceptive sensory function. What does interoceptive mean in lay mans terms? Example. It’s the only pathway that _ the thalamus.

A

Posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus projects to the POSTERIOR INSULAR CORTEX for interoceptive . .

Interoceptive sensory function is the body’s ‘gut feeling’ (ex. Feels like a knife in my back, bone on bone)

It’s the only pathway that bypasses the thalamus

25
Q

Interoceptive sensory function often gives?

A

Often gives faulty information

26
Q

STT termination in thalamus: ventral posterior nuclei to the _ cortex. AKA?

A

Ventral posterior nuclei to the SENSORIMOTOR cortex

AKA: motor humunculus

27
Q

STT termination of the thalamus: ventral lateral nucleus sensory motor activity as it projects _ to the _ _.

A

Ventral lateral nucleus sensory motor activity as it projects DIRECTLY to the MOTOR CORTEX.

28
Q

STT thalamus termination: central lateral nucleus to do with control of orientation and attention as well as motor set that projects to _ _ as well as to the _ and _ _ _.

A

Central lateral nucleus to do with control of orientation and attention as well as motor set that projects to BASAL GANGLIA as well as to the MOTOR and POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTICES

29
Q

STT terminations in the thalamus: the parafascicular nucleus that projects into the _, _ _ and _ _ and is _ related.

A

The parafascicular nucleus that projects into the BASAL GANGLIA, SUBSTANTIA NIGRA, AND MOTOR CORTEX and is MOTOR related

30
Q

STT termination in the thalamus: The ventral caudal portion of the medial dorsal nucleus for affective/ motivational aspect of pain projects into the _ _ _. Which is associated with?

A

. . . Projects into the LIMBIC MOTOR SYSTEM

Which is associated with EMOTIONS

31
Q

The _ _ which contributes to _ projects to the brainstem and then brainstem to forebrain.

A

The SPINOBULBAR PROJECTION which contribute to NOCICEPTION projects to the . . .

32
Q

The spinal bulbar tract has a similar distribution of Laminae as the _ tract, include Laminae _, _ and _.

A

Has a similar distribution of Laminae as the SPINOTHALAMIC tract, includes Laminae I, V, AND VII

33
Q

The spinobulbar tract has _ terminations in the _.

A

Has 4 terminations in the BRAINSTEM

34
Q

What does the spinobulbar projection to the hypothalamus responsible for the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone vasopressin in response to _ and _ _. What is the hypothalamus primarily responsible for? (2)

A

… In response to TRAUMA and NOXIOUS STIMULATION

The body’s thermostat and hormone regulation

35
Q

SB termination: the parabrachial nucleus projects to the amygdala, hypothalamus and thalamus which relays to the _ cortex for _ _.

A

. . .relays to the INSULAR cortex for VISCERAL SENSATION

36
Q

SB projection: the periaqueductal gray has ascending projections to the _ and medial _, elicits _ changes, antinociceptive modulation and can affect _ production.

A

Has ascending projections to the HYPOTHALMUS and medial THALAMUS, elicits CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES, anti-nociceptive modulation and can affect SEROTONIN production

37
Q

SB projection: The brain stem reticular formation directly projects to the _.

A

Directly projects to the THALAMUS

38
Q

There are _ _ between the spinothalamic and spinobulbar tracts.

A

There are MANY REDUNDANCIES between the . . .

39
Q

_ is part of the cortical mechanisms and involves _ pathways to the _. This is how we?

A

PERCEPTION is part of the cortical mechanism and involves ASCENDING pathways to the BRAIN.

This is how we perceive pain

40
Q

What falls in the ‘RED’ category? BLUE category?

A

Red- AFFECTIVE EMOTIONAL PAIN

Blue- NOCICEPTIVE pain

41
Q

Affective/ emotional pain is known as the _ pain system, involve --_ function.

A

Known as the MEDIAL pain system, involves AFFECTIVE-COGNITIVE-EVALUATIVE function

42
Q

Nociceptive pain is associated with _ pain system and _ _.

A

Associated with LATERAL pain system and SENSORY DISCRIMINATION

43
Q

The lateral pain system involves _ and _ _ areas (_ and _), the _ _ cortex, the _ insula (intensity) and is mediated through the _ thalamic nuclei.

A

Lateral pain system involves PRIMARY and SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY areas (SI and SII), the INFERIOR PARIETAL cortex, the POSTERIOR INSULA (intensity) and is mediated through the LATERAL thalamic nuclei.

44
Q

The medial pain system involves the -/ _ _ _ cortex (recognition), the _ cortex, and _ INSULA (emotions) and is mediated through the _ thalamic nuclei.

A

Involves the MID-CINGULATE/ PERIGENUAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE cortex (recognition), the PREFRONTAL cortex, and is mediated through the MEDIAL thalamic nuclei

45
Q

The amygdala has to do with _ _. The hippocampus has to do with _ _.

A

Amygdala has to do with EMOTIONAL MEMORY

Hippocampus has to do with SPATIAL MEMORY

46
Q

The cingulate gyrus/ cortex has to do with _ and _.

A

Has to do with RECOGNITION and AWARENESS

47
Q

The _ _ has to do with smell.

A

The OLEFACTORY BULB has to do with smell

48
Q

Which area of the brain is associated with: error detection, pain registering, and cognitive decision making (connectivity with prefrontal cortex). Color?

A

POSTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX

49
Q

Which area of the brain is associated with: affective measures of pain, OCD, catastrophizing, fear learning, anxiety and delayed error detection in fibromyalgia?

A

ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX

Color

Pain Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions