Quiz 1

Question 1

What are the five types of receptor proteins?

Answer 1

1. Ionic (eg. GABA receptors)
2. G protein-coupled (eg. Dopamine receptors)
3. Kinase-linked (eg. Receptor tyrosine kinase)
4. Nuclear (eg. Glucocorticoid)
5. Oligomeric ion channel (eg: potassium channels)

Question 2

What does ligand binding to receptor proteins cause?

Answer 2

Confirmation change in protein structure

Question 3

What are estrogens?

Answer 3

Female sex hormone involved in development of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics
Synthesized from cholesterol

Question 4

What are the four major naturally occurring forms of estrogen?

Answer 4

Estrone
Estradiol (most common)
Estriol
Estetriol

Question 5

What is the human estrogen receptor alpha?

Answer 5

Nuclear receptor activated by estrogen
Transcription factor with all relèvent domaine including: DNA binding domain, transactivation domain, ligand-bonding domain
Found in endometrium, breast cancer cells, ovarian Stromal cells, and the hypothalamus

Question 6

Where does the human estrogen receptor alpha bind?

Answer 6

Can only bind to major groves of DNA

Causes a nuclear localization sequence to be exposed in ERalpha which travels to the nucleus where dimerizatuon occurs

Question 7

What are the response elements and the associated transcription factor?

Answer 7

CRE (CREB)
ERE (estrogen receptors)
GRE (glucocorticoid receptors)
HSE (heat shock factor)
SRE (sérum response factor)

Question 8

What hélice is responsible for activating and inactivating estradiol?

Answer 8

12

Folds on top of estradiol creating hormone bound form