Quiz 1

Question 1

Pharmacoeconomics is a subset of health economics that focuses on evaluating the _____________ impact of the use of pharmaceuticals.

1. Clinical
2. Economical
3. Humanistic
4. 1 and 2 only
5. 1, 2, and 3

Answer 1

5. 1, 2, and 3 = Clinical, Economical, Humanistic

Question 2

_____________costs are costs associated with all the goods and services used to provide an intervention for the treatment or prevention of a condition. Example: Medications

1. Direct
2. Indirect
3. Undirect
4. None of the above.

Answer 2

1. Direct

Question 3

Indirect costs are all costs associated with all the forms of lost ______________ due to the condition or the interventions associated with the treatment or prevention of the condition.
Example: Sick leave

1. NonProductivity
2. Productivity
3. Reproductivity
4. None of the above

Answer 3

2. Productivity

Question 4

(True/False). Many studies are poorly conceived and executed because they don’t understand the economic fundamentals behind the technique, or they don’t understand clinical practice or they don’t measure outcomes well, or a combination of these.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

(True/False). Pharmacoeconomics or Health Economics Outcomes Research (HEOR) is the study of making “good” choices about how to treat and/or insure patients.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

HEOR…

a. is a discipline or field that analyzes decisions related to medical and pharmaceutical decision making.
b. guides the development of virtually all clinical guidelines and treatment patterns.
c. is an interdisciplinary field comprised of economists, statisticians, psychologists epidemiologists and clinicians (including, but not limited to, pharmacists).
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

Answer 6

e. a, b, and c

a. is a discipline or field that analyzes decisions related to medical and pharmaceutical decision making.
b. guides the development of virtually all clinical guidelines and treatment patterns.
c. is an interdisciplinary field comprised of economists, statisticians, psychologists epidemiologists and clinicians (including, but not limited to, pharmacists).

Question 7

H.H. has hypertension. His physician is trying to maintain H.H.’s blood pressure at <130/80. Drug A costs $20.00 per month, is dosed once daily, and maintains H.H.’s blood pressure at approximately 130/80 mmHg when taken as prescribed. Drug B costs $20.00 per month, is dosed twice daily, and maintains H.H’s blood pressure at approximately 120/80 mmHg when taken as prescribed. H.H. has difficulty remembering to take evening doses of medications.
Which medication is better for H.H. taking into account both clinical and economic outcomes?

a) Drug A
b) Drug B
c) Neither drug should be taken; hypertension should only be controlled with
behavior modification
d) Both drugs should be taken

Answer 7

a) Drug A

Question 8

A hospital P&T committee is evaluating whether to add Drug A or Drug B to the hospital formulary for use on an outpatient basis in the outpatient services department which is staffed seven days a week with an RN and two LPNs. Drug A requires a 4 hour infusion in the outpatient services department. The cost for
Drug A is $100.00 per month for the medication plus $100.00 per month for infusion supplies. Drug B is an IM injection and costs $180.00 per month for the
medication plus $20.00 per month for the injection supplies. Based on the information given, which drug would be the better choice for the hospital to add to the formulary?
a) Drug A
b) Drug B
c) Drug C
d) Drug D

Answer 8

b) Drug B