Quiz 1 Flashcards
the bone of the maxilla or mandible that surrounds and supports the teeth
Alveolar bone
the bony lining of the socket that holds the root(s) of the tooth and is a portion of the maxillary and mandibular process
Alveolus
Along or toward the front of the dental arch
Anterior
The main opening at the apex of a root for entry and exit of pulp tissue
Apical foramen
In dental anatomy, the arrangement of the teeth in the form of a curve
Arch
The area, 2.04 mm average, between the base of the gingival sulcus and the alveolar crest
Biological width
Toward the cheek; that surface of posterior teeth (premolars) in contact with or facing the cheek
Buccal
The junction of the cementum and the enamel (generally visibly indicated by the cervical line running along the cervix (neck) of the tooth)
Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
The junction of the cementum and the dentin
Cementodentinal Junction (CDJ)
A hard tissue forming the outer covering of the root of a tooth and surrounding the dentin along the root portion of the tooth
Cementum
The portion of the tooth from the CEJ to the incisal/occlusal surface that is covered by enamel.
Crown
The entire area from the CEJ to the incisal/ occlusal surface is more strictly called..
Anatomical crown
In a healthy mouth, the anatomical crown is not fully visible, being surrounded along the cervical area by gingiva. The visible portion of the crown is
Clinical crown
That portion of the tooth underlying the enamel and cementum and surrounding the pulp cavity; compromises the bulk of tooth
Dentin
the junction of the dentin and the enamel
Dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)
Away from midline of arch
Distal
a hard, mineralized tissue forming the outer cover of the anatomical crown of a tooth and surrounding the dentin in the crown portion of a tooth
Enamel
relating to or involving the face; an inclusive term for the labial and buccal surfaces, both surfaces being in direct contact with areas of the face
Facial
that part of the periodontium that consists of mucosal tissue and surrounds a tooth at the cervix and extends to cover the maxillary and mandibular alveolar process
Gingiva
pertaining to the cutting or tearing surface of anterior teeth (incisors, canines);
Incisal
toward the lips; that surface of anterior teeth directly contacting or facing the lips
Labial
toward the tongue; that surface of anterior and posterior teeth immediately adjacent to or facing the tongue
Lingual
toward the midline of the arch. The surface of anterior and posterior teeth facing toward the midline
Mesial
an imaginary line dividing a body into left and right; an imaginary line dividing maxillary and mandibular arches into maxillary and mandibular left and right quadrants
midline
pertaining to the grinding, crushing, and chewing surfaces of posterior teeth
Occlusal
parallel ridges formed by cyclic deposition of enamel
Perikymata
a complex of collagenous fiber bundles that surround the root(s) of a tooth and connects the cementum with the alveolar bone
Periodontal ligaments
an inclusive term for the supporting and investing structures of a tooth. The main structures are gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligaments
periodontium
along or toward the back or rear of the dental arch
posterior
an innervated CT possessing the formative, nutritive, sensory, and defensive functions essential to the nourishment and vitality of a tooth
pulp
the space or void housing the entire dental pulp
pulp cavity
that portion of the pulp cavity that is housed in the coronal section of a tooth
pulp chamber
that portion of the pulp cavity that extends from the pulp chamber to the apex of the root of a tooth
Pulp canal (root canal)
half of the maxillary or mandibular arch, when divided by the midline
Quadrant
that portion of a tooth covered by cementum and embedded in a bony socket called alveolus
Root
the end or furthest point of the root of a tooth
Root apex
the portion of the oral cavity bounded on one side by the teeth, gingiva, and alveolar ridge; and on the lateral sides by the lips and cheeks
Vestibule; referred to as buccal, labial, and/or facial vestibule
Primary deciduous
form 16 weeks in utero, complete at age 3, first appear at 6 months, last at 24 months
Permanent-succedaneous
mixed dentition (6-12 years of age), begins with appearance of first permanent molars, also happens at shedding of primary centrals and emerging of permanent incisors, succedaneous teeth replace exfoliated deciduous teeth
Palmer system
1-8 with bracket in permanent; A-E with bracket in primary
FDI system
11-18, 21-28, 31-38, 41-48 for permanent and starting with 51-55 for deciduous
Universal
Permanent 1-16 (right to left) and 17-32 (left to right); deciduous A-J( right to left) and K-T (left to right) ; 8,9, 24,25 are centrals
4 tooth tissues
3 hard, 1 soft
Enamel-hard tissue; Dentin-hard tissue; Cementum-hard tissue; Pulp-soft tissue
Ridges, cusps
Incisor has a single ridge or edge used as a cutting edge
Cusps found on canines, premolars and molars-also used for cutting and holding
Roots
Single roots found on incisors, canines and some (most) premolars
Two roots with a bifurcation found in some premolars (commonly the maxillary first) and molars
Three roots with a trifurcation found in maxillary molars
Roots are held in the jaw in what is called the alveolar process; and the bone of the socket is called the alveolus
Divisions into thirds
Apical, middle, cervical;
distal, middle, mesial;
incisal, middle, cervical;
lingual, middle, labial;
occlusal, middle, cervical;
buccal, middle, lingual
Line angles
named for the junction of two surfaces; Anterior teeth-there are six Mesiolabial Distolabial Mesiolingual Distolingual Labioincisal Linguoincisal
Posterior teeth have 8 Mesiobuccal Distobuccal Mesiolingual Distolingual Mesio-occlusal Disto-occlusal Bucco-occlusal Linguo-occlusal
Point angles
Formed by the junction of 3 surfaces Anterior teeth Mesiolabioinscisal Distolabioincisal Mesiolinguoincisal Distolinguoincisal
Posterior teeth Mesiobucco-occlusal Distobucco-occlusal Mesiolinguo-occlusal Distobucco-occlusal
Maxillary Incisors
Major function is to cut and punchfood; Teeth have incisal ridges or edges, no cusps; Ridge makes up entire incisal part; Edge does not exist until wear has occurred; Edge is flattened linguoincisally, is found at the junction withthelabialsurface.
Maxillary Central Incisor general info
A. Widest of any of the anterior teeth.
B.Labial surface is less convex (more flat) than the max. lateral or canine.
C.Tooth has a rectangular or squared appearance.
D.Mesial incisal angle is fairly sharp, distal angle is rounded.
E.Will see some centrals that are fairly flat in middle or incisalthirds.
F.May see mamelons on the incisal ridge.
Lingual View of Maxillary Central Incisor
- More irregular in appearance
- Largest part is concave (shovel appearance)
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges are present
- Will have a scoop-like look
- Reverse of the labial outline
- Lingual has convexities and a definite concavity
- Below the cervical line is a smooth convexity called acingulum
- Confluent with the cingulum are the me, di marginal ridges
- Lingual fossa is just below the cingulum
- Borders are incisal ridge, marginal ridges and the cingulum
- May have developmental grooves from cingulum to the fossa
- Crown and root taper lingually meaning the ling portionsnarrower
Labial view of Maxillary Central Incisor
- Average length is 10-11mm from high pt. On cervix toincisaledge
- Mesial-distal is 8-9 mm from contact to contact (broadest point of tooth)
- Mesial outline only slight convexity, crest of curvature nearmesioincisalangle
- Distal outline more convex, crest of curvature higher towardcervicalline
- Incisal outline curves very slightly downward towards the center
Root of Maxillary Central Incisor
is cone shaped
a) apex is blunt
b) is usually 2-3mm longer than the crown (orthodontics may cause it to be shorter)
c) bisecting line through the root and crown tends to parallelthemes. outline
Mesial view of Maxillary Central Incisor
- Wedge shaped with base of the triangle at the cervix
- Bisecting line will go through the apex and incisal ridge
- Rarely will see line lingual to incisal ridge
- Crests of curvature are just below the cervical lines
- Will see a concavity just below the cingulum
- The curvature of the cervical line is greater on the mesialsurfacethanthedistal
a) This helps one distinguish mesial from distal
Distal view of Maxillary Central Incisor
- Will see more of the labial surface from the distal due to a slightcurvatureoflabial surface
- This curvature helps adapt to the curvature of the dental arch
- Curvature of the cervical line is less than on the mesial
Incisal view of Maxillary Central Incisor
- Do not see the root from this view
- Cervical portion of the labial surface is a broad convexity,
- Incisal ridge is clear
- Generally slopes to the lingual
- Outline of the lingual portion tapers lingually toward the cingulum
- Mesiolabial and distolabial line angles are prominent and are widerthantheling.
- Will see more bulk from this view
- Labiolingual measurement are only 2/3 as great as themesiodistal
- Crown has a triangular outline
Pulp chamber of Maxillary Central Incisor
- Labiolingual Section: narrow in in sisal-widest in cervical,taperinggraduallytoapex.
- Mesiodistal Section:wider than m-d, conforms to generalshapeofoutersurfacewith
a) Pulp horns in younger teeth, tapering evenly toapex. (calcify with age) - Cervical area is where pulp cavity is widest
Measurements of Maxillary Central Incisor
Cervicoincisal crown (10.5mm),
root (13mm),
M-D diameter of crown (8.5mm),
M-D diameter at cervix (7mm),
L-L crown (7mm),
L-L crown at cervix (6mm), mesial curvature at cervical line (3.5mm),
distal curvature at cervical line (2.5mm)
Maxillary Lateral Incisor General Info
Tooth may vary more than any other with exception of the thirdmolar
- Peg shaped laterals sometimes seen
- May be missing(third molar, then lateral)
- May have a palato-radicular groove-see
- May see a large pointed tubercle
Labial view of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
- More curvature with a rounded incisal ridge fig 6-13,6-19
- Mesial outline resembles a central with more roundness attheangle
- Mesial crest of contour is at junction of middle and incisalthirds
- Distal outline is always more rounded
- Crest of contour on the distal is at the center of the middlethird
- Labial surface is usually more convex than central-except withsomeflatones
- Usually about 2mm narrower than central
- Root length is greater in proportion to crown than central - 1.5x lengthofcrown
- Root tapers to apex, curves to the distal and ends in a sharper apex
Lingual view of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges are marked
- Cingulum is prominent with deep developmental grooves
- Linguoincisal ridge is well-developed
- Lingual fossa is more concave
- May have deep developmental groove at the side of the cingulum-moslydistal (common place for a cavity)
Mesial view of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
- Resembles a small central-crown is shorter, root is longer
- Due to the heavy development of the incisal ridge, it appears thickerthancentral
Distal view of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
- Width of the crown appears thicker than the mesial
- Cervical line curve is less than mesial
- May have a developmental groove on crown surface going ontotheroot
Incisal view of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
1.May resemble the central or it may look like a canine
2.Labiolingual dimension may be greater than the mesiodistaldimension (dif. Than central)
Pulp Chamber anatomy-similar to central only smaller
Measurements of Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Cervicoincisal crown (9mm), root (13mm), M-D diameter of crown (6.5mm), M-D diameter at cervix (5mm), L-L crown (6mm), L-L crown at cervix (5mm), mesial curvature at cervical line (3mm), distal curvature at cervical line (2mm)
