Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Science > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Licensed to practice law

A

Antoine Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wrote “essay on Phlogiston” with help from his wife

A

Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Determined that Hydrogen is an element

A

Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

discovered combustion and later developed the idea of Oxidation

A

Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discovered The Law of Conservation of Mass, named after him for a while

A

Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beheaded for dealing with French Revolutionaries

A

Lavosier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Discovered Law of Definite Proportions (named after him)

A

Prouf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

a chemical compound always contains the same proportions of elements (excluding Carbon Monoxide and Dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

took air samples from the atmosphere by flying in a hot air balloon

A

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Published paper showing that a volume of oxygen gas is two times smaller than the volume of water vapor it creates (somehow water split in two pieces)

A

Gay-Lussack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wouldn’t accept the idea of water molecules splitting in two

A

Gay-Lussack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Found out how to weigh atoms and molecules (gas) by putting them in containers and placing them on scales

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Active in the Italian anti-monarchy revolution.

(sponsored revolutionaries) and lost his chair at the University of Turin

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Said that putting ANY gas in a container of the same size/temperature/pressure, would have about the same number of molecules

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proposed that there is a difference in mass in different kinds of molecules

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proposed that when oxygen helps form water, oxygen gas splits into two oxygen atoms

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Invented the term “Elementary Molecules”

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Elementary Molecules

A

Atoms that can no longer be broken down any further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Had a Scientific Law and Number named after him

A

Avagadro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ancient Greek that developed the idea that everything is made up of invisible particles called “atoms” (not popular idea of the time)

A

Democritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two Greeks that believed that matter is continuously and infinitely divisible. (prevailing argument of the time)

A

Plato and Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reintroduced Democritus’ atomic theory (1800s) to explain chemical reactions (named after him)

A

John Dalton

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

24
Q

First person to have real data supporting the “atom” idea through observing reactions between Oxygen and Nitrogen

A

Dalton

25
Q

Incorrectly thought that atoms and molecules were the same thing

A

Dalton

26
Q

5 Points of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. All matter=indivisible atoms
  2. An element is comprised of identical atoms
  3. Different elements have atoms with different masses
  4. Chemical compounds are made of atoms in specific integer reactions
  5. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
27
Q

Experimented with a Cathode Ray-discovered negatively charged particles (electrons)

A

J.J. Thompson

28
Q

Measured electrons’ charge-to-mass-ratio and identified electrons as a fundamental particle of an atom

A

JJ Thompson

29
Q

Studied charged oil droplets in an electric field which, when paired with Thompson’s discovery, gave electron’s mass

A

Robert Milikan

30
Q

Believed that atoms are indivisible

A

Dalton

31
Q

What resulted from Thompson and Milikan’s experiments

A

electrons have mass but it is so small that there is no measurable volume

32
Q

What is the nature of an atom’s positive charge

A

the positive charge is in a small, massive nucleus

33
Q

What were the positive particles later named

A

protons

34
Q

Thompson’s Plum Pudding model

A

thought that there were randomly placed particles that surrounded the atom

35
Q

Experimented by scattering alpha particles off of gold foil

A

Ernest Rutherford

36
Q

What happened with the gold foil experiment

A

most particles went through but some were deflected back but a few scattered at large angles

37
Q

Hypothesized that there are neutral particles in the nucleus (accounted for the difference in mass b/t elements of different atomic numbers)

A

James Chadwick

38
Q

What are the neutral particles in the nucleus called

A

Neutrons

39
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

40
Q

How are elements distinguished from each other

A

by their atomic number

41
Q

How many elements are currently identified on the periodic table

A

118

42
Q

Isotopes

A

when a certain element has a different number of particles than stated by their atomic number

43
Q

Mass Number (Atomic Weight)

A

the number of protons and neutrons

44
Q

Atomic Mass Units (u)

A

1/12 of Carbon (12 Isotope Mass)

45
Q

Predictions of Classical Theory (Classical Atoms) 5

A
  1. Electrons orbit the nucleus
  2. Curved path, change in direction=acceleration
  3. Accelerated charges radiate light energy
  4. Electrons lose energy and spiral into the nucleus
  5. Atoms cannot exist (but they do)
46
Q

People who believed that light was a wave (3)

A

Huygens
Young
Maxwell

47
Q

People who believed that Light was made up of particles (2)

A

Newton

Einstein

48
Q

What is light

A

Light has both wave and particle nature

49
Q

Did the “Two-Slit experiment” (shined a light through a hole and then 2 holes and then more holes to see how light was broken up

A

Young

50
Q

Introduced quantized energy (discrete units called “quanta”)

A

Max Planck

51
Q

A particle of light

A

Photon

52
Q

Hypothesized that light is made up of quantized photons and that higher frequency photons (UV)= more energetic photons

A

Einstein

53
Q

Blackbody Radiation (3)

A
  1. Continuous Radiation distribution
  2. Depends on temperature of radiating objects
  3. Characteristic of solids, liquids, and dense gases
54
Q

Line Spectrum (3)

A
  1. Emission at characteristic frequencies
  2. Diffuse matter: incandescent gases
  3. Illustration: Balmer series of hydrogen lines
55
Q

Used ROYGBIV (changing photons) to solve the Photoelectric Effect

A

Einstein

Physical Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions