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PNS Quizzes > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two structures of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

What controls motor function?

A

nucleus of origin

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6
Q

What controls sensory function?

A

nucleus of termination

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7
Q

Where so CNs exit the skull?

A

patent openings

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8
Q

What does patent mean?

A

don’t change shape

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9
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

62 spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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10
Q

Where do spinal nerves attach?

A

ventral and dorsal rootlets of the spinal cord

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11
Q

What does the dorsal root contain?

A

dorsal root ganglion/spinal ganglion, posterior root ganglion

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12
Q

What does each spinal nerve split into?

A

ventral and dorsal primary ramus

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13
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

somatic and visceral

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14
Q

What are the divisions of the somatic nervous system?

A

sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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15
Q

What does the visceral part of the nervous system control?

A

smooth, cardiac and glandular tissue (vital body functions)

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16
Q

What are the two divisions of the visceral nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

adrenergic system

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18
Q

What do the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release?

A

preganglionic- ACh postganglionic- NE

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19
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system extend to?

A

superior cervical ganglion to the ganglion impar

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20
Q

What do the neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?

A

preganglionic- ACh postganglionic- ACh

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21
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic system

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22
Q

What does the somatic motor pathway contain?

A

upper and lower motor neurons

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23
Q

Where are the upper motor neurons located?

A

CNS only

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24
Q

Where do the upper motor neurons extend before synapsing in the anterior horn?

A

descends through the corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri, most cross in the pyramids and descend in lateral corticospinal tract before synapsing in the anterior horn

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25
Q

What are the two types of the upper motor neurons?

A

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

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26
Q

Where are pyramidal neurons found?

A

cerebral cortex

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27
Q

What do the pyramidal neurons initiate?

A

voluntary neurons

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28
Q

Where are extrapyramidal neurons found?

A

cell bodies in the brainstem

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29
Q

What to the extrapyramidal neurons initiate?

A

coordination and movement

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30
Q

Where do lower motor neurons exit?

A

exits the cord via anterior rootlets and are carrie in names nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles

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31
Q

Describe the somatic sensory pathway.

A

primary neuron- located in the DRG, convey information from receptor to CNS synapse in the spinal cord secondary neuron- convey information to the thalamus tertiary neuron- relay information to the cerebral cortex (posterior central gyrus) where the sensory information is integrated

32
Q

Where is the cell body of the sensory neurons located?

A

in the PNS

33
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the motor neurons located?

A

in the CNS

34
Q

What is the mnemonic for the CN names?

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet. Such Heaven

35
Q

What is the mnemonic for the types of CN?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

36
Q

Which cranial nerve is the smallest?

A

IV

37
Q

Which cranial nerve is the largest?

A

V

38
Q

What is the cranial nerve of facial expression?

A

VII

39
Q

What is the great nerve of the face?

A

V

40
Q

Which cranial nerves exit via the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, V1, VI

41
Q

Which cranial nerves exit via the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

42
Q

What is the skull opening for CN I?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

43
Q

What is the skull opening for CN II?

A

optic canal

44
Q

What is the skull opening for CN V2 and V3?

A

V2- foramen rotundum V3- foramen ovale

45
Q

What cranial nerves exit the skull via the internal acoustic meatus?

A

VII, VIII

46
Q

What is the skull opening for cranial nerve XII?

A

hypoglossal canal

47
Q

What does CN II do?

A

fibers from retina converge on the optic disc, carried in the optic nerve, chiasma and tract to the lateral geniculate bodies

48
Q

What does CN III do?

A

supplies 5 somatic muscles that move eyes and eyelid supplies 2 visceral muscles that constrict pupils and shape the lens

49
Q

What does CN IV do?

A

supplies superior oblique

50
Q

What is the action of the superior oblique?

A

depresses cornea, abduct cornea, intorsion

51
Q

What does CN V supply?

A

orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear and internal skull, muscles of mastication

52
Q

What does CN VI innervate?

A

supplies lateral rectus

53
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

abducts cornea

54
Q

What does CN VII innervate?

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste muscles of facial expression (stylohyoid and stapedius) lacrimal and salivary glands

55
Q

What does CN VIII do?

A

hearing, equilibrium sensory from cochlea and vestibule

56
Q

What does CN IX innervate?

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue for taste motor to stylopharyngeus parasympathetic to parotid gland

57
Q

What does CN X innervate?

A

pharyngeal constrictors bronchi, heart, GI tract from esophagus to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

58
Q

What does CN XI supply?

A

pharynx, larynx, palate, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

59
Q

What does CN XII supply?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

60
Q

Where is CN I found?

A

in the olfactory epithelium lining in the superior part of the nasal cavity with a thin mucus layer that covers it

61
Q

What are olfactory neurons supported by?

A

supporting cells

62
Q

What is the rule about myelination?

A

all PNS neurons have Schwann cells surrounding it, but are unmyelinated

63
Q

What is the pathway of the olfactory nerves?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone enter the olfactory bulb and synapse on dendrites of mitral cells

64
Q

What are the primary sensory neurons of CN I?

A

olfactory nerves

65
Q

What are the secondary sensory neurons of CN I?

A

mitral cells

66
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the mitral cells found?

A

olfactory bulbs

67
Q

What do mitral cells do?

A

relay information posterior via the olfactory tract

68
Q

What do the tract fibers do when in the anterior perforated substance?

A

split into medial and lateral striae

69
Q

What do medial striae fibers do?

A

cross the midline via the anterior commissure and travel to the opposite olfactory bulb

70
Q

Why does the medial striae cross over to the other side?

A

ensures olfactory cortex on each side receives information from both olfacory bulbs. This is why we don’t have left and right smells

71
Q

What do lateral striae fibers do?

A

carry information to primary olfactory cortex, periamygdaloid and prepiriform area, including the uncus (bdmn area 34) on the medial aspect f the temporal lobe

72
Q

How many neurons does the olfactory tract use?

A

two, this is not consistent with what we already know

73
Q

Where does the olfactory tract not synapse?

A

thalamus

74
Q

What is the vomeronasal nerve?

A

poorly developed in humans, believed to be important for tracking prey

75
Q

What is the terminal nerve?

A

arises from nasal septum and triggers autonomic function. This is partly responsible for salivation when we smell food

76
Q

Where are synaptic glomeruli found?

A

formed between the synapses of the mitral cells and the olfactory neurons

PNS Quizzes (2 decks)

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