Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DI (mine) > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

RAD/Gray=

A

Absorbed dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

REM/Sievert

A

Dose Equivalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Roentgen=

A

Exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1REM=_______milliREM

A

1000mREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

You receive ___mREM/day

A

1mREM/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1 X-ray= ______mREM

A

10mREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A person who takes radiographs is expected to receive _______rREM/year

A

300mREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Bremsstrahlung x-ray refer to

A

Primary source of diagnostic x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

KVP=___________ (in terms of a camera_________)
Increasing KVP means (increased/decreased)
_______energy
_______# of rays

A

QuaLity (Contrast)
Increase energy
Increase # of rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mAs=_________ (in terms of a camera________)

A

QuaNtity (shutter speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Photoelectric effect?

A 
Primary absorbed dose
-Z^3= tissue density
Ex. Fat= Carbon-12 (C-12)
            12^3=1728
⬆️KVP=⬇️PEE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Compton Scatter?

A

Rays that are NOT absorbed
-independent of Z
No image is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Film is made out of______________crystals

⬆️ crystal size=______detail

A

Silver Halide

⬆️size= ⬇️ detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

It is a fraction of film distance (FD) and focal spot (FS)
If a film closer to the beam, the beam will have greater intensity
This gives you better detail without changing mAs

i1 = (d2)^2
___________ This number should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Heel effect?

A

The cathode side of the X-ray tube is stronger and so you will get better detail if you place the thicker part of the body on the cathode side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

You have a film that has good contrast, but there is motion artifact. How do you fix this?

A

⬆️mAs (speed)

⬇️FD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Pnumbra?

A

This is a shadow effect (like a comet and its tail)

The comet has good detail, the tail has poor detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between using a screen and not using a screen?

A

Screen No Screen
⬇️detail ⬆️detail
⬇️exposure ⬆️exposure
⬇️kVp/mAs ⬆️KVP/mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Grids have (increase/decrease) ___________scatter and use _______mAs.

The table-top method is used when the patient’s anatomy is________in size.

A

⬇️scatter

⬆️mAs 2-3x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Short KVP has (increase/decrease)_____kVp and ______mAs=______contrast and _____detail

A

⬇️KVP
⬆️mAs
⬆️contrast
⬆️detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Long KVP has (increase/decrease)_____kVp and ______mAs=______contrast and _____detail

A

⬆️KVP
⬇️mAs
⬇️contrast
⬇️detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you examine X-rays?

A 
Roentgen imaging: change seen in tissues
Location
Margin
Number
Opacity
Size 
Shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the difference opacities?

A 
Air: black
Fat: black/grey
Fluid/soft tissue: grey
Mineral: white-grey
Metal: white
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ALARA stands for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the Mach phenomenon?
This is an optical illusion that mimics a false lesion - false white or black lines may appear to be a lesion, these usually are seen over sharp edges of anatomy - ex. Lines over bone may look like a fracture
26
What is Summation
When 2 objects superimpose each other and appear whiter due to increased density -usually will have a grey area for each object as normal, than a whiter area where the summation in occurring
27
What is silhouetting?
When 2 objects of like opacity are next to each other the boarders are lost and they appear as one object
28
What orientation should X-rays always be placed?
- The animals LEFT should be placed to your RIGHT regardless of view - animal's head should always be placed with their head to the left on the table
29
Break down this view: D65Pr-PaDiO
``` D= Dorsal 65= angle from the ground to the beam Pr= proximal Pa= palmar Di= distal O= oblique ```
30
What does orthogonal mean?
90 degrees
31
What methods will you use to detect lesions?
``` FALSE NOMS F-function A-alignment L-location S-size E-enhancement ``` N-number O-opacity M-margins S-shape
32
What kVp and mAs settings should you do to maximize contrast?
High KvP | Low mAs
33
In thoracic radiographs you should always shoot at peak (inspiration/expiration)
Inspiration
34
In abdominal radiographs you should always shoot at peak (inspiration/expiration)
Expiration
35
Describe horizontal beam
- The animal is laying lateral and you are shooting VD/DV | - this view is used for control gas for better contrast
36
Describe a compression shot
-using an object like a wooden spoon you can manipulate gas, fluid and tissue to enhance contrast, finding hidden anatomy or objects
37
Describe a urethral shot
This is a special view that involved pulling the hind limbs to the body and proximally, allowing the urethra to be seen behind it
38
How is a cat anatomy different then a dog?
Cats have: - more peritoneal fat - falciform mass (hepatic ligament) - smaller spleen, should never be seen ventrally= splenomegaly - pancreas tail can be seen in the left - fat within gastrointestinal wall - cecum= blind sac
39
What is tomography?
- An image that depicts a slice of anatomy | - free from super-imposition
40
What is a pixel
A representation of an average number of voxels of tissue
41
What is a voxel?
A value on a 3D grid
42
what alternative imaging system uses Hounsfield units?
CT
43
What is a HU?
- Linear attenuated effect | - x-ray converted to a grey scale
44
What is the gold standard method of diagnosis thoracic metastasis?
CT
45
CTs use "Windows". A long scale window is _______wide. It has (high/low) contrast. And is used for examining_________. What areas are visible?
1000 pixels Low contrast For bone All subtle grey areas
46
CTs use "Windows". A short scale window is _______narrow. It has (high/low) _____contrast. And is used for examining_________. What areas are visible?
250 pixels High contrast For tissue Enhances subtle differences in areas
47
Referring to CT: | Black areas are termed...
Hypodense or hypoattenuated
48
Referring to CT: | White is termed:
Hyperdense or hyperattenuated
49
What is needed for a hyperattenuated signal?
Iodine contrast media
50
Referring to MRI: | Black is termed:
Hypointensive
51
Referring to MRI: | White is termed:
Hyperintensive
52
MRI T1: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Fat=white Fluid=black Edema=black
53
What is T1 MRI used for?
Contrast studies using ***GADOLINIUM***
54
MRI T2: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Grey White White
55
What is T2 MRI used for?
Diagnosing pathology
56
MRI STIR: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Black White White
57
What is STIR used for?
Diagnosing fat from fluid
58
MRI FLAIR: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
White Black **White
59
What is FLAIR used for?
Diagnosing fluid from edema
60
What is tomography?
- An image that depicts a slice of anatomy | - free from super-imposition
61
What is a pixel
A representation of an average number of voxels of tissue
62
What is a voxel?
A value on a 3D grid
63
what alternative imaging system uses Hounsfield units?
CT
64
What is a HU?
- Linear attenuated effect | - x-ray converted to a grey scale
65
What is the gold standard method of diagnosis thoracic metastasis?
CT
66
CTs use "Windows". A long scale window is _______wide. It has (high/low) contrast. And is used for examining_________. What areas are visible?
1000 pixels Low contrast For bone All subtle grey areas
67
CTs use "Windows". A short scale window is _______narrow. It has (high/low) _____contrast. And is used for examining_________. What areas are visible?
250 pixels High contrast For tissue Enhances subtle differences in areas
68
Referring to CT: | Black areas are termed...
Hypodense or hypoattenuated
69
Referring to CT: | White is termed:
Hyperdense or hyperattenuated
70
What is needed for a hyperattenuated signal?
Iodine contrast media
71
Referring to MRI: | Black is termed:
Hypointensive
72
Referring to MRI: | White is termed:
Hyperintensive
73
MRI T1: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Fat=white Fluid=black Edema=black
74
What is T1 MRI used for?
Contrast studies using ***GADOLINIUM***
75
MRI T2: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Grey White White
76
What is T2 MRI used for?
Diagnosing pathology
77
MRI STIR: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
Black White White
78
What is STIR used for?
Diagnosing fat from fluid
79
MRI FLAIR: Fat= Fluid= Edema=
White Black **White
80
What is FLAIR used for?
Diagnosing fluid from edema

DI (mine) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions