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DI (mine) > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The crura is attached to eat vertebral segments?

A

L3/L4; will see and indistinct cortex (indent)

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2
Q

what direction is the most dependant crus?

A

cranial

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3
Q

what side does the caudal vena cava join with?

A

Right; of CVC is onto its a Left lateral view, if the CVC is in the back its a right lateral view

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4
Q

when IDing the gastric angle, the pylorus should be _____ with the ribs

A

parallel; if it is shifted cranial or caudal that is abnormal and indicates herniation

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5
Q

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernias (PPDH) are associated with what congenital condition leading to an opening in the hiatus?

A

fewer then normal sternebrae; this is an incidental finding

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6
Q

______is when a portion of the fundus herniates from the esophageal hiatus. What clinical signs will you see?

A

hiatal hernia

partial upper airway obstruction esp in brachycephalic animals

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7
Q

What view is best to see a hiatal herniation?

A

Left lateral; not usually seen on RLat or VD

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8
Q

What is the T-L anomaly

A

T13 rib is missing and can be mistaken for L1; this is only clinically important as a sx landmark or for aspiration

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9
Q

T/F: rib fractures are frequently missed and significant

A

False: they are frequently missed, but rarely significant

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10
Q

What is the most common clinical sign for rib tumors?

A

pleural effusion

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11
Q

What are the most common types of rib tumors?

What ribs are primarily effects?

A

mesenchymal cell tumors

caudal ribs

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12
Q

what are the boarders of the mediastinum?

A

thoracic inlet->diaphragm not a closes cavity so there is communication with the neck and retroperitoneim

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13
Q

T/F: the mediastinum is fenestrated so disease is unilateral

A

false: usually does not contain unilateral disease

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14
Q

What organs are seen in the mediastinum?

A
  • Heart
  • Trachea
  • CVC
  • thymus
  • aorta
  • esophogus (slightly L-Lat)
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15
Q

what is the most common cause for mediastinal shift?

A

atelectasis; usually see displacement of the heart

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16
Q

how do you differentiate lung dz from atelectasis?

A

by heart shift:

  • Opacity w/ heart shift = atelectasis
  • Opacity w/o heart shift = lung dz
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17
Q

what are the mediastinal LN and what to they drain?

A

cranial mediastinal: thoracic wall, trachea, thyroid
Tracheobronchial: lungs
sternal: mammary, peritoneum

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18
Q

what is used to rule out mediastinal masses?

A

sonography
CT
cytology

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19
Q

What will you see with a tracheobronchial lymphomegally?

A

the trachea will bend ventrally and the bronchi will have “bow leg” appearance

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20
Q

what is the view to ID pnueumomediastinum?

what will you see on X-ray?

A

Later view: gas will move to upward side making structures visible.
will see air around outside of tracheal wall

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21
Q

what are the most common causes of mediastinal fluid?

A

-hemorrhage
-FIP**
esophogeal rupture

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22
Q

T/F: you may occasionally see small amounts of gas/fluid in right lateral views

A

False: left lateral

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23
Q

cats have a _____ appearance of their esophagus

A

herring bone; smooth muscle causes striations in caudal aspect

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24
Q

what direction will the trachea be displaced with megaesophagus?

A

ventral

25
Q

where do you assess oesophageal motility?

A

caudal to the compression

26
Q

what breeds are predisposed to PRAA

A

GSD, great danes, irish setters

27
Q

what direction will the trachea be displaced w/ PRAA?

A

dorsal

28
Q

what are the boarders of the stomach?

A

cranial to the last ribs->costal arch

left of the midline

29
Q

what technique should be used to best view the stomach?

A

high mAs

low kVp

30
Q

the pylorus will appear as a ______ on RLat and VD views

A

mass

31
Q

with GDV the pylorus shifts to the ______. What other organ follows this?

A

right

spleen; attached via gastro splenic ligament

32
Q

gastric ulcers are often associated w/ _________and are best seen by ______

A

carcinomas

US; double contrast

33
Q

In dogs the SI should be how big in diameter?

and in cats?

A

2x width of rib (2x height of L2)

12mm (2x height of L4)

34
Q

when assessing the GI what cannot be assessed via RADS?

A

motility
transit time
mucosal margins
character of wall

requires US and contrast media

35
Q

what are the 3 types of contrast media for doing a GI study?

A
  • barium sulphate power
  • barium sulphate liquid
  • organic iodine liquid
36
Q

what is organic iodine used for specifically?

A
  • suspect perforation
  • used when there is a concern about aspiration
  • w/ endoscope
37
Q

you want to do a barium study. The animal is fasted for____.What are the intervals you will take each survey radiograph after the initial X-ray?

A

12-24hrs

  • @ 15-30min post initial
  • @ 30-60min post initial
  • every hr till barium is in the colon
38
Q

what is the normal transit time for each survey RAD?

  • 15min
  • 30min
  • 1-2hrs
  • 6hrs
A

15min: duodenum
30min: jejunum
1-2hr: stomach empty
6hrs: jejunum empty

39
Q

what are some anomalies that are considered “normal variants” or contrast RADS

A
  • pseudoulcers-dog
  • string of pearls-cat
  • fimbriation (fuzzy outter edging)
40
Q

what is a mechanical ileus?

A
  • FB
  • tumor
  • scarring
  • hernia
  • volvulus
41
Q

Stacking is seen w/ _____.

A

mechanical ileus

42
Q

fluid and gas in the lumen is more consistent with________.

A

mechanical ileus

43
Q

sentinal loop signs are commonly seen with_____ and are associated w/______.

A

paralytic ileus

pancreatitis

44
Q

what are “two populations”?

A

small bowl and bowl that is 2-3x larger in diameter

45
Q

what is a “gravel sign”

A

foreign material due to chronic partial obstruction; looks like sand in GI

46
Q

FB that classically appears as bunching, plication (think ribbon candy), COMMA

A

linear FB

47
Q

circumferential mural lesion give a _____sign

A

apple core sign

48
Q

eccentric mural lesion gives a ______sign

A

thumb print sign or tractor treds

49
Q

mural lesions are associated w/ _______.

A

neoplasms

50
Q

what disease states give off “thumb print” (tractor tred) lesions

A
  • lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis
  • parvo
  • lymphoma
  • eosinophilic infiltration
51
Q

what side is majority of the colon on?

A

Left

52
Q

what is a redundant colon and what is its clinical significants?

A

increased length of colon incidental finding no significants

53
Q

what is epiglottic entrapment?

A

aryepiglottic folds envelope epiglottis; tip of epiglottis appears blunt, bulbous and malformed

54
Q

what is dorsal displacement of the soft palate and how does it occur?

A

when the caudal aspect of the soft palate moves dorsal to the epiglottis.
caused by inflammation of guttural pouch->vagal palsy->flaccid paralysis of palate

55
Q

Tympany is caused by:

A

malformed or inflamed auditory tubes creating 1 way valve

56
Q

how many rads are needed to X-ray an adult horse thorax?

A

3-4; adult horses are limited to lateral views only

57
Q

Negative contrast studies are preformed in ___________recumbancy. What contrast media is used?

A
  • Left lateral

- air

58
Q

what contrast use use to highlight non-radiopaque stones and asses the bladder wall?

A

double contrast

59
Q

when using iodine contrast you want the osmolality to be______

A

close to physiologic (290mOms)

DI (mine) (2 decks)

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