Quiz 1 Flashcards
Immunology began as a branch of
Microbiology
Immunology grew out of the study of _____& the _____ response to them
infectious diseases
body’s
Immune System is the body’s defense system against invasion by ______
microbes
Immunity is originated from Latin word ____
IMMUNIS
The word immunology first appeared in the ________ in _______
Index Medicine 1910
Immune system is the body’s defense system against _____ microbes
pathogenic
Immune system is made up of ____ that are distributed throughout the body, & predominantly in the
cells
lymphoreticular organs
Immune system function is to (3)
- Recognize
- Respond
- Eliminate foreign invaders
A historian from the ____ era, (Ancient Greece) pointed out about 2500 years ago, in a remarkable description of an epidemic in ____ (of what might have been typhus fever or plague), that those people who recovered from the disease were never attacked by it a second time. What was his name, ____
Peloponnesian
Athens
Thucydides
Attempts in ___ & ___ to induce immunity by inoculating well persons with materials scraped from skin lesion (pustules) of persons suffering from small pox. The procedure was called ____ & was hazardous. This took place in the ____ era
China
Turkey
variolation
Middle Ages = awareness
A practice brought to England by ____ for its positive effects, but later outlawed because of hazardous effects; what was it called ____.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Variolation
In the late 18th century, a safe related procedure was established by ____. He, a country doctor in England, noted in 1798 that a pustular disease of the horse called ____ was frequently carried by farm workers to the nipples of cows, where it was picked up by ____ . Spots then began to appear on the hands of the domestics employed in milking. But what rendered the cow pox virus so extremely singular, was that the person who had been thus affected was forever after secure from the infection of small pox.
Sir Edward Jenner
“the grease”
milkmaids
Since ____ was unclear about the nature of the infectious agent of cow pox & its relation to small pox he inserted matter taken from a sore on _____ into the arm of an 8 year old boy by means of two superficial incisions. Two months later, Jenner inoculated the same boy with matter from a small pox patient. The boy’s exposure to the mild disease Cow Pox had made him immune to the deadly disease of small pox.
It is remarkable that Jenner’s work was not extended until nearly 100 years later by ____ that exploited the general principles underlying vaccination
Jenner
dairymaid
Pasteur
Louis Pasteur discovered, disproved & developed 3 important things:
- Fermentation was due to a _____ (1864)
- Disproved the theory of ________ (1867)
- Developed 3 attenuated ___ (1880):
- living microorganism (1864)
- spontaneous generation (1867)
- vaccines (1880):
The 3 attenuated vaccines developed by Louis Pateur
- Cholera vaccine
- Anthrax vaccine
- Rabies vaccine
