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MB 461 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In virology, what is meant by the term non-structural protein?

A

Non-structural proteins are not part of the virus particle and are found only within the infected cell.

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2
Q

What two functions are associated with the proteins encoded by any given virus?

A
  1. capsid protein that is used for genome protection

2. a nucleic acid polymerase or modifier subunit which re-targets a cellular polymerase. Used for genome replication.

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3
Q

What two kinds of macromolecule do extracellular virus particles invariably contain?

A

Nucleic acid plus protein

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4
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the designation of a reverse transcriptase activity?

A

RdDp

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5
Q

In virology, what specifically is meant by the term ‘structural protein’

A

A protein which is part of the virus particle

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6
Q

What are viruses functionally?

A
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Viruses just don’t use the machinery of the host cell, they actively subvert it for their own ends. (Don’t use hosts machinery- viruses hijack the plane and reprogram to make virus particles/fly somewhere else)
  • No viral genome encodes rRNA- (Don’t make proteins-depend on protein producing ribosome in host cell)
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7
Q

What do SOME viruses have structurally?

A

-Some have a lipid envelope or contain lipids within the particle.

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8
Q

What are the different forms of nucleic acid that can be contained in virus particles?

A
  • RNA or DNA
  • circular (DNA) or linear (RNA or DNA)
  • Single stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds)
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9
Q

Where are viruses found?

A

EVERYWHERE

  • both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • bacteria and Archaea- numerous types of phages
  • animals
  • plants
  • fungi
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10
Q

What is the virus program called?

A

Infection cycle

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11
Q

What is the objective of a virus program?

A

is to produce Viral Progeny (make more than what you put in)

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12
Q

Viral infection as a program of events

A

-right thing has to happen at the right place and time (temporal and spatial compartments)

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13
Q

How do viruses push the envelope of what is possible in the cell?

A

There able to start translation with other codons

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14
Q

How are viruses genetically composed?

A

typically, little, or no junk in their genomes (everything is functional)

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15
Q

What else can viruses encode instead of the minimum?

A

-membrane spanning proteins called SPIKES
(applies to enveloped viruses only)

-proteins that are not part of the virus particle and are found only within infected cells called NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

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16
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the designation of the polymerase that our cells are full of and transcribes DNA to RNA?

A

DdRp

17
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the designation of the two most common polymerases?

A

DdRp

DdDp

18
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the designation of the polymerase that codes for all viruses that have RNA genomes?

A

RdRp

19
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the designation of the polymerase that replicates DNA by assembling nucleotides?

A

DdDp

20
Q

What are polymerases made up of?

A

They are either structural proteins, or (often) non-structural proteins (depending on the specific type of virus)

-one exception is RdDp is always found in the virus particle

21
Q

What are modifier subunits composed of for viruses that employ them?

A

non-structural proteins- (never found in virus particle and always made from scratch within infected cells)

22
Q

What are two distinct post-transcriptional modifications that may occur during the maturation of mRNA molecules in eukaryotic cells?

A

intron and exon splicing

a 7-methylguanosine triphosphate cap attached to the 5’ end that aids in an attachment site in protein synthesis.

3’ is polyadenylated with the poly (A) tail

23
Q

In the ‘NdNp’ notation, what is the polymerase that reverses transcriptase and generates an CDNA from an RNA template used by retroviruses?

A

RdDp

24
Q

In what class of single-stranded RNA viruses is the RdRp always a structural protein?

A

negative since single stranded RNA viruses

25
Q

What types of virus encode ribosomal RNA molecules?

A

NONE- no viral genome encodes rRNA

26
Q

antiparallel

A

two strands that go in opposite direction

3’ -> 5’
5’ -> 3’

27
Q

Base

A

heterocyclic compound

28
Q

Nucleoside

A

base + sugar

29
Q

nucleotide

A

base + sugar + phosphate

30
Q

What two functions are invariably associated with the proteins encoded by any given virus?

A

genome protection and genome replication

MB 461 (15 decks)

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