quiz 1

Question 1

what are the 3 areas of the frontal lobe that are involved in motor movement

Answer 1

• primary motor cortex (occupying the pre central gyrus)
• premotor cortex
• supplemental motor area

Question 2

What are association cortices?

Answer 2

• any expansion of the cerebral cortex that is not sensory or motor in the customary sense
• instead it is associated with advanced stages of sensory information processing, multi sensory integration, or sensorimotor integration

AKA ASSOCIATION AREA

Question 3

4 motor areas of speech

Answer 3

• primary motor area (precentral gyrus)
• premotor cortex
• supplementary motor area
• broca’s area

Question 4

location of the premotor area

Answer 4

anterior to the primary motor cortex

Question 5

functions of the premotor area

Answer 5

• ORGANIZATION of movements before they are initiated
• rhythmic coordination of movements (transitions between sequential movements of a serial motor skill…ex. piano playing)
• control of movement based on observation of a noter person’s performing a skill (LEARNED skills)

Question 6

location of supplemental motor area

Answer 6

medial surface of frontal lobe adjacent to portions of the primary motor cortex

Question 7

functions of supplemental motor cortex

Answer 7

• involvement in the control of movements
• sequential movements
• preparation and organization of movement

Question 8

location of brocas area

Answer 8

inferior third frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 9

function of brocas area

Answer 9

-vocalization program is formed and transmitted to mms of the face, tongue, VFS, and pharynx in order to form speech

Question 10

brocas area representation

Answer 10

par opercularis and pars triangular is of the inferior frontal gyrus

Question 11

location of the primary motor cortex

Answer 11

posterior part of the frontal lobe

Question 12

functions of the primary motor cortex

Answer 12

• allow conscious control of precise, skilled and voluntary movements
• entire body is represented by this cortex (homunculus)

Question 13

where does the primary motor cortex receive motor impulses from?

Answer 13

the subcortex (basal nuclei and thalamus) and cerebellum

Question 14

How does the primary motor cortex receive motor impulses?

Answer 14

long axons extend from the cortex to the lower end of the spinal cord

=the direct and pyramidal motor system

Question 15

functions of the brain stem

Answer 15

-controls the body systems vital for life such as

• breathing
• blood pressure
• sleep
• waking
• balance
• swallowing
• vomiting

Question 16

how many cranial nerves is the brainstem associated with?

Answer 16

10 out of 12

Question 17

functions of the mid brain

Answer 17

• visual and auditory reflexes

- orienting references

Question 18

functions of the pons

Answer 18

• relay of information from the cochlea and vestibular apparatus
• control of movement and sensation for the face

Question 19

functions of the medulla

Answer 19

• integration of breathing and swallowing
• control of respiration
• control of blood pressure
• control of cortical arousal

Question 20

cerebral peduncles

Answer 20

two bulging structures of the midbrain that contain descending motor tracts

Question 21

subtanstia nigra

Answer 21

large area with dark pigments in the midbrain that helps control subconscious mms activities

-loss of neurons here is association with PD

Question 22

red nucleus

Answer 22

-part of the midbrain that helps control voluntary movements of the limbs

Question 23

what cranial nerves are contained in the midbrain

Answer 23

III and IV

Question 24

describe the fibers of the pons

Answer 24

• they connect higher and lower brain centers

- relay motor impulses between the motor cortex and there cerebellum

Question 25

describe the cardiovascular control center of the medulla oblongata

Answer 25

-adjusts force and rate of heart contraction and blood vessel diameter to…..regulate blood pressure

Question 26

describe the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata

Answer 26

-along with the pons, it controls rate and depth of breathing

Question 27

other functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 27

• regulates vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing
• contains cranial nerves IX-XII

Question 28

location of the medulla

Answer 28

most inferior part of the brainstem

Question 29

features of the medulla

Answer 29

• PYRAMIDS (2 longitudinal ridges formed by the corticospinal tracts)
• decussation of the pyramids (crossover points of the corticospinal tracts)

Question 30

2 primary functions of the cerebellum

Answer 30

1. adjusting the postural mms of the body
   - coordinates rapid, automatic adjustments that maintain balance and equilibrium
2. programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the subconscious and conscious levels

Question 31

subcortical grey matter areas

Answer 31

• basal nuclei (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, striatum
• substantia nigra
• thalamus

Question 32

subcortical areas of the brain that play a primary role in motor function

Answer 32

-basal nuclei (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidius)

Question 33

what are the basal nuclei?

Answer 33

• three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere
• caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidius
• they help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, and regulate mms tone

Question 34

function of the thalamus

Answer 34

• relays info to the cerebral cortex received from diverse brain areas
• is a large mass of subcortical grey matter (one of either side of the midline)