quiz 1

Question 1

• Aspiration

Answer 1

entry food or liquid into the airway below the level of the true vocal folds

Question 2

• Penetration

Answer 2

entry food or liquid into the larynx at some level down to but NOT below

Question 3

• Respiration

Answer 3

breathing; inhalation and exhalation of air

Question 4

Oral cavity infant

Answer 4

• Tongue fills mouth
• Edentulous
• Tongue rests between lips and sits against palate
• Cheeks have sucking pads (fatty tissue within buccinators)
• Relatively smaller mandible
• Sulci important in sucking

Question 5

Oral cavity older

Answer 5

• Mouth is larger, tongue rests on floor of the mouth
• Dentulous
• Tongue rests behind teeth & not against palate
• Buccinators are muscles for chewing only
• Mandibular-maxillar relationship is normal
• Sulci have little function

Question 6

Pharynx infant

Answer 6

• No distinct oropharynx

* Obtuse angle at skull base in nasopharynx

Question 7

pharynx adult

Answer 7

• Elongated pharynx, so distinct oropharynx exits

* 900 angle at skull base

Question 8

Larynx infant

Answer 8

• 1/3 adult size
• Half true vocal fold of cartilage
• Narrow, vertical epiglottis

Question 9

Larynx adult

Answer 9

• Less than one third true vocal fold of cartilage

* Flat, wide epiglottis

Question 10

Four Phases of the swallow

Answer 10

1) Oral Prepatory Phase/ bolus formation (voluntary)
2) Oral Phase (voluntary)
3) Pharyngeal Phase (voluntary and involuntary
4) Esophageal Phase (involuntary)

Question 11

What happens with Reflexes:

Answer 11

not developed through experience. Any variation in, or absence of, response may be a sign of abnormality in development. Reflexes are the best indicators of neurological problems

Question 12

Newborn reflexes

Answer 12

Babinski: Spread toes normal in infants, abnormal in children and adult

Question 13

Newborn Swallowing reflexes

Answer 13

Rooting: Touch on side of mouth, cheek = baby turns heads in direction of touch. Normally disappears by 3-4 months, but may persist until 12 months
Present 32 weeks gestation, gone by 3 months

Suckling: Stroke tip of tongue = forward-backward movement of tongue
Present at 18 weeks gestation, decreases by 6-12 months

Question 14

Nutritional risk factors

Answer 14

• Low birth weight/Extreme Low Birth Weight - < 5 ½ lbs; ELBW < 500g (1lb 6oz)
• Prematurity- 39 weeks is full term! New guideline 23 weeks is viable, although survival rate is very small

Question 15

Why positioning is important

Answer 15

Important for bonding experience
Should promote:
	-Good eye contact
	-Close physical contact
	-Safe/functional feeding , for a good swallow

Question 16

The 3 Function of the larynx

Answer 16

• 1. Protection: against aspiration through the epiglottis, paired arytenoid cartilages and two pairs of vocal folds
• 2. Respiration
• 3. Phonation

Question 17

Oral Prepatory Phase/ bolus formation (voluntary)

Answer 17

• Begins with the intake of food (Variety with textures of foods introduced) into mouth and the formation of a bolus (in infant, this is minimal, such as latching)

Question 18

Oral Phase (voluntary)

Answer 18

Starts with propulsion of bolus Bolus transport- ends when bolus head reaches anterior faucial arches (takes approx. 1 second)

Question 19

Pharyngeal Phase (voluntary and involuntary

Answer 19

important because it has the greatest aspiration risks.

Pharyngeal phase takes approximately 1 second

Question 20

Esophageal Phase (involuntary)

Answer 20

Slower
Consists of automatic peristaltic wave, which carries the bolus to the stomach
3 zones.