Quiz 1 Flashcards
To Master BIO
The Biological discipline that is responsible for naming organisms is called?
Taxonomy
The Scientific Method has four parts:
- Experimentation 2. An observation 3. an hypothesis 4. Conclusion
Homeostasis
is a condition in a living organism where the internal environment is maintained relatively constant, despite fluctuations of the external environment. For example, we maintain a constant body temperature
A typical animal would be characterized by these different functions:
A Typical Animal would be characterized by all of the following except:
a. Presence of eukaryotic cells
b. The ability to acquire nutrition through ingestion
c. The ability to grow and reproduce
d. The ability to maintain homeostasis
What is considered the “best” source of energy in the human body? What is the best raw fuel for synthesizing ATP in our system?
Glucose
Why wouldn’t a human without a sweat gland survive?
Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaing temperatures of homeostasis
A _____________ is a reaction where a molecule “accepts” electrons.
Reduced
The Experiments of Francesco Redi:
Disproved the idea of “spontaneous generation”
What are the monomeric consituents (i.e., building blocks) of “Proteins”?
Amino Acids
Which of the following provides long-term energy storage for plants?
Starch
Characteristics of living organisms?
a. Organized structure
b. responsiveness to stimuli
c. maintenance of homeostasis
T/F: The Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function” states that the specific form of a given structure reflects the particular function of that structure in an organism.
True
What is true of all organisms?
They obtain nutrients
Which level of hierarchical does evolution occur?
The population
An ____________ is a reaction where “electrons” are removed from an associated atom.
oxidation
T/F: Hierarchical Levels go from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest, which is a biosphere.
True
Steroid hormones require cholesterol in order to be assembled. To which category of “biological molecules” do these compounds belong?
Lipids
DNA and RNA are examples of the polymeric form of Nucleic Acids. What are the building blocks, generally speaking of Nucleic acids?
Nucleotide Bases
To which kingdom would a multi cellular eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong?
Plantae
different Hierarchies
- Atom 2. molecule 3. cell 4. tissue 5. organ 6. organ system 7. multiple-cellular organisms 8. population 9. species 10. community 11. ecosystems 12. biosphere
8 Characteristics of life
- Made of cells 2. Reproduces 3. keeps a stable internal environment 4. has DNA 5. needs energy 6. grows 7. evolves 8. changes over time to the environment
Five differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- P-have nucleoid E-have nucleus
- P-use flagella E-uses cilia
- P-don’t have mitochondria E-do
- P-DNA circular/single strand E-double helix
5
Which of the following is/are characteristics of living organisms? A) organized structure B)Maintains homeostasis C) Responds to stimuli?
All are correct
Which is true of all living organisms? A)They are made of many cells linked together B)They are highly organized C)They reproduce sexually D)The obtain nutrients
All of these are correct
T/F: Viruses are considered living things?
False
The typical mammal would have all of the following except? A)eukaryotic cells B)ability to acquire nutrition through ingestion C)ability to grow and reproduce D)maintain homeostatsis
All are correct
What is the basic difference between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Pro lacks a nuclear envelope
Main difference between an autotroph and hetrotroph is…
how the obtain energy
Alexander Fleming observed a patch of mold that bacteria were not able to grown near. What was his hypothesis?
The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria
What is metabolism?
the sum of all chemical/biological reactions taking place in an organism
The _________ molecule stores all the heredity information of an organism?
The DNA
Errors or changes in the DNA molecule “blueprint” are called __________.
Mutations
Which does not agree with cell theory? A)insects are composed of cells B)Paramecia come from paramecia C)Bacteria are the smallest possible organisms D)Minerals are important for good health E)Spontaneous generation cannot occur
B
A cell the contains a large number of ribosomes, would produce a large number of _________ molecules.
Proteins
Components that are the same in plant cells as they are in bacterial cells?
Cytoplasm, DNA, Plasma membrane, ribosomes
A nucleolus is a…
a darkly staining area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Which of the follow is associated with Rough ER? A)Chlorophyll B)Ribosomes C)Lipid synthesis D)Plasma Membrane E)DNA
B) Ribosomes
The Utilization of pyruvate in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of ATP, is termed A) Aerobic respiration B) metabolic rate C) diffusion D) metabolic processing of fuels E) Catabolism
A) aerobic respiration
Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes and mitochondria B)chloroplasts and ribosomes C)Golgi Bodies and ribosomes D) Mitochondria and lysosomes E) Chloroplasts and mitochondria
E) Chloroplast and mitochondria
Correct structure of the nucleotide is
phosphate-5 carbon sugar -nitrogen base
The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA con determine the A) Sequence of nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA B)Sequence of amino acids in protein C)sequence of nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand
All of them are correct
____________ is the process of encoding messenger RNA with the instructions for protein synthesis, and the process of assembling the amino acids into a protein is called ___________.
Transcription, Translation
The ________ is an organelle, which serves as a sort of “postal depot” where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are processed.
Golgi apparatus
Transport processes occur across which membranes? A) plasma membranes B) Chloroplast C)Mitochondrial, D) ER
All of the above
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane along its concentration gradient is called…
Osmosis
The ___________ portion of the cell membrane is responsible for the isolating functions of the membrane while the _________ portion regulates exchanges and communication with the environment.
lipid; protein
Phospholipids spontaneously form a bilayer in an aqueous solution. Why do the heads of the phospholipids point out and tails point to each other?
The tails are repelled by the aqueous environment, while the heads are attracted
What is mostly responsible for moving substances across the plasma membrane, communicating with other cells, and identifying the cell?
Proteins
Recognition proteins, such as MHC markers, are important for
Distinguishing foreign cells from “self” cells
The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is
Diffusion
Carbon Dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. What determines the rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell?
the concentration of carbon dioxide on each side of the plasma membrane
What is active transport?
movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient
Molecule which permeate a plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion A)require an expenditure of energy B)require the aid of transport proteins C) move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration D) do so much more quickly than those crossing by simple diffusion E) all of these
B) Require the aid of transport proteins
What does a cell use exocytosis for
to release substances from the cell
The process whereby white blood cells engulf bacteria is termed
Phagocytosis
Entropy is a measure of
increase in randomness
Energy transformations are not 100% efficient; often energy in the form of ________ is released which fulfills the second law of thermodynamics.
Heat
In exergonic chemical reactions
reactants have more energy than products
Why is photosynthesis considered a endergonic reaction in an isolated plant?
Low-energy reactants are converted into high energy products
The most common energy carrier molecule of living organism is
ATP
When a high energy bod of ATP is broken, primarily what happens to the released energy?
It drives endergonic reactions in the cell
The reactant is an enzyme catalyzed reaction is the…
Substrate
End products of biosynthetic pathways often act to block the initial step in that pathway. This phenomenon is called
Feedback inhibition
Which of the following will bind to the active site of an enzyme?
Both the substrate and Competitive inhibitor will bind
What results if glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions?
Pyruvic acid is converted by fermentation into the CO2 and ethanol or acid
What event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism?
Glycolysis
During what part of aerobic respiration is the oxygen actually used?
electronic transport system
What kind of metabolic poison would interfere with glycolysis?
A agent that closely mimic the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized.
The insecticide rotenone inhibits one of the steps of the electron transport system in mitochondria. What is the immediate result?
The rate of fermentation will increase
T/F: Chemiomosis links hydrogen gradient to the production of ATP
True
Which of the following is an example of an electron carrier molecule?
NADH
What is not true about “cell theory”
All cell are composed of inorganic materials
The best description of a coupled reaction is
two reactions that involve one providing energy for the other
T/F: Photoautorophs oxidize inorganic substances to gain energy
False, they gain their energy from the sun
Transport process that do not require the expenditure of energy (ATP) to move things across membranes are generally referred to as…
Passive transport
The movement of water across a semiperimable membrane (plasma membrane) down its concentration gradient is called
Osmosis
First law of thermodynamics:
Called law of conservation of energy, total energy remains the same, one form of energy may be converted to a different form
When considering the “structure” of a protein, the alpha helix and bata pleated sheet arrangements are examples of which level of structure?
secondary
Which of the following correctly identifies component that are the same in both plant cells and bacterial cells? A) nucleus, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes B) Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes C) cytoplasm, DNA, Plasma membrane D) cytoplasm, nucleolus, DNA, plasma membrane E) cytoplasm, nucleoid, DNA, Plasma membrane, ribosomes
C) cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome
What is metabolism?
the sum of all chemical/biochemical reactions taking place in an organism
Within the fluid mosaic of the plasma membrane, what is the role transport and channel proteins?
They allow movement of material too large to pass by diffusion through the plasma membrane
The genetic material of prokaryotes is located in which specific area of the bacterial cell?
Nucleoid region
The cell wall in bacteria is composed of which of the following that is unique to prokaryotes?
peptidoglycan
To say that a membrane is “selectively permeable means…
Only certain molecules can pass through it
Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Which of the following is associated with the RER?
Ribosomes
