Quiz 1 2019

Question 1

How thick is the troposphere

Answer 1

10 km

Question 2

Where on earth’s surface is there a net surplus of heat from the sun

Answer 2

Tropics

Question 3

Where on earth’s surface is there a net deficit of heat from the sun

Answer 3

Poles

Question 4

adding water vapor to air _____ its density

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

what is the approximate declination of the earth (aka angle of the poles relative to the plane of orbit around the sun)

Answer 5

23.4 degrees

Question 6

At what depth in the water column is the SOFAR channel

Answer 6

1 km

Question 7

As water pressure increases, sound travels

Answer 7

Faster in water

Question 8

At a fixed pressure does sound move faster in colder or warmer water

Answer 8

faster in warmer water

Question 9

The latent heat of ice melting is ___ the latent hear of water evaporating

Answer 9

smaller than

Question 10

wind stress is proportional to wind speed to the power a:Stress ~ (WindSpeed)^a the value of a is—

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Define wind stress

Answer 11

vertical transfer of horizontal momentum from the atmosphere into the ocean units (Nm^-2)

Question 12

Define the atmospheric Boundary Layer

Answer 12

it is the boundary (transition) layer is defined as the lowest part of the troposphere, that is directly influenced by the presence of earth’s surface. Over the ocean, it is influenced by the turbulent drag of the wind on the sea and the fluxes of heat and water molecules. its thickness (Zi) varies from 10s of m (when weak winds blow over water colder than the overlaying air) to 1000m (When stronger winds blowing over water warmer than the overlaying air).

Question 13

Define the Equilibrium Layer

Answer 13

aka the surface layer. is the lowest part of the atmospheric boundary layer, closest to the ocean surface within this layer, of thickness ~ 0.1 Zi, vertical fluxes of heat and momentum are nearly constant.

Question 14

what are the worlds 5 western boundary currents

Answer 14

Kuroshio, Gulf stream, Agulhas, East Australian, Brazil

Question 15

What are the 6 eastern boundary currents

Answer 15

Peru/chile, Benguela, Canary, Labrador, California, Oyashio

Question 16

Define heat capacity- provide values for water and air

Answer 16

the amount of heat energy that a substance can absorbs, given a standardized mass and resulting increase in temperature. water has the highest heat capacity on earth-

water 4200 Jkg^-1 K^-1

air is 993 Jkg^-1 K^-1

Question 17

Where are the polar easterlies?

Answer 17

60-90 degrees

Question 18

where are the prevailing westerlies

Answer 18

30-60

Question 19

where are the tropical easterlies

Answer 19

0-30

Question 20

where is the ITCZ

Answer 20

the equator- little to no wind movement here

Question 21

what occurs at 30 N and 30 S

Answer 21

a subtropical High

Question 22

What occurs at 60N and 60S

Answer 22

a subpolar low

Question 23

where are ferrel cells found

Answer 23

30-60

Question 24

where are polar cells found

Answer 24

60-90

Question 25

where are hadley cells found

Answer 25

0-30

Question 26

Describe the H-O bond within a water molecule

Answer 26

The hydrogen bonds (between H and O atoms in different water molecules),
can link up to four adjacent water molecules. These intermolecular forces
lead to three key water properties: high latent heat, high heat capacity, and
high stickiness (viscosity). It also leads to the high surface tension, which
allows water striders to walk on water.

Question 27

Describe the H-O bond between water molecules

Answer 27

it can form hydrogen bonds between different molecules. these intermolecular forces allow for three key characteristics- high latent heat, high heat capacity, and high stickiness (Viscosity). it also leads to high surface tension