Quiz 1

Question 1

So far, scientists have identifies over ______________ different species on Earth

Answer 1

2 million

Question 2

There may be _____________ existing species on Earth

Answer 2

5-20 million

Question 3

3 examples of the identification of species being important to the world

Answer 3

Farmers have to identify which species of crops grow well
Doctors have to identify the species of bacteria we are infected with
Border personnel need to identify any invasive species

Question 4

What is a species concept?

Answer 4

a definition of what a species is

Question 5

What is morphology?

Answer 5

a species concept, focusing on the Body shape, size and other structural features of an organism

Question 6

What is biology ((as a species concept))?

Answer 6

a species concept which focuses on whether or not two organisms can produce fertile offspring

Question 7

What is Phylogeny?

Answer 7

a species concept that focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms

Question 8

List the advantages and disadvantages of morphology.

Answer 8

Advantages:
- The relative simplicity of the species concept; is widely used especially for plants.
Disadvantages:
-Having to decide how much difference is too much variation presents a challenge as almost all populations are made up of non-identical individuals

Question 9

List the advantages and disadvantages of the biological species concept.

Answer 9

Advantages:
-This species concept is widely used by scientists
Disadvantages:
-Cannot be applied in all cases (ie. if two populations are physically seperated and do not reproduce in nature, the fertile offspring requirement cannot be tested)
-concept cannot be appplied to organisms that reproduce asexually, nor fossil species ((since they are no longer alive obviously))

Question 10

List the advantages and disadvantages of the phylogenetic species concept.

Answer 10

Advantages:
-can be applied to extinct species
-considers information about relationships learned from DNA analysis; a method scientists are using more and more.
Disadvantages:
-Evolutionary histories are not known for all species.

Question 11

Define Taxonomy.

Answer 11

TAXIS means arrangement and NAMOS means law, it is the practice and the branch of biology that identifies and classifies organisms

Question 12

Who is Carolus Linnaeus?

Answer 12

A swedish botanist who created the system of taxonomy 300 years ago. He used simple characteristics to identify different species and organize them in groups.

Question 13

What did the system of Taxonomy created by Carolus Linnnaeus enable people to do?

Answer 13

It enabled people to identify an organism by comparing its appearance to a checklist of characteristics.

Question 14

What languages are the names of species based on and why?

Answer 14

Species names are based on Greek or Latin words because the system of naming organisms was created in the 1700’s and they were common languages of science in that time period.

Question 15

T/F: Organisms are always very similar within a kingdom.

Answer 15

F: Organisms have a varying degree of similarity within a kingdom.

Question 16

What is each group in the system of hierarchical classification called?

Answer 16

Taxon

Question 17

What are the three Domains?

Answer 17

Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 18

What are the 8 levels of hierarchical classification?

Answer 18

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Question 19

Describe Archaea

Answer 19

single celled, no nucleus, live in extreme conditions

Question 20

Describe Bacteria

Answer 20

Single celled, no nucleus, live in moderate conditions

Question 21

Describe Eukarya

Answer 21

Single or multi-celled, have a true nucleus

Question 22

What are the longest and most general taxon?

Answer 22

Kingdoms

Question 23

What are the smallest taxon and how many organisms are they comprised of ?

Answer 23

Species, only consist of a single organism

Question 24

What do Taxon Species include

Answer 24

members that resemble each other so closely that they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 25

Descrbe Animalia and what taxon it falls under

Answer 25

Taxon: Kingdom | Eukaryotic, Mobile, feed on other organisms

Question 26

Describe Chordata and what taxon it falls under

Answer 26

Taxon: Phylum | Have a spinal cord

Question 27

Describe Mammalia and what taxon it falls under

Answer 27

Taxon: Class | have hair, produce milk, feed their young

Question 28

Describe Rodentia and what taxon it falls under

Answer 28

Taxon: Order | 2 continuously growing incisors in lower and upper jaw

Question 29

Describe Sciuridae and what taxon it falls under

Answer 29

Taxon: Family | Bushy tails, Tufted ears, Cheek pouches- the squirrels and chipmunks

Question 30

Describe Sciurus and what taxon it falls under

Answer 30

Taxon: Genus | Bushy tailed tree squirrels

Question 31

Describle vulgaris and what taxon it falls under

Answer 31

Taxon: species | the red tree squirrel

Question 32

What is Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 32

A system of using a two word name of each species. The first word is the name of the genus the organism is classified in, with the first letter of this name capitalized. The second word identifies the particular species, and its first letter is lower-case.

Question 33

Diiversity between species begins with _________________________

Answer 33

diversity within a species

Question 34

What is Natural selection

Answer 34

The process by which new species evolve and adapt to the environment

Question 35

What is a mutation

Answer 35

a random change in DNA of an organism

Question 36

When is a mutation beneficial?

Answer 36

When it may help an organism adapt to the environment

Question 37

When is a mutation harmful?

Answer 37

When it prevents a species or organism from making a necessary protein that it needs to survive

Question 38

What is asexual reproduction and what are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 38

When a cell splits in two in order to reproduce. advantages: They need only one parent and thus there is no need to go through the effort of finding a mate disadvantage: a change or disruption in their environment will be passed on to all their offspring since they all have identical DNA.

Question 39

What is the advantage and disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 39

advantage: it provides variation in every generation and the continual recombination of genetic material allows the evolution of many new characteristics disadvantage: Involves finding a mate

Question 40

Define the term Homologous and give an example

Answer 40

Biological features that have a common origin but serve different functions. ex: The human arm and bat wing appear different on the outside and serve different purposes but they have similar bone structures.

Question 41

Define the term Analogous and give an example

Answer 41

Biological features that have a similar function but a different origin. ex: a bird wing and an insect wing both serve the purpose of flying but both have very different internal structures.

Question 42

Name the six kingdoms

Answer 42

Archaea, Bacteria, Plantae, Protista, Animalia, Fungi