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Biology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

So far, scientists have identifies over ______________ different species on Earth

A

2 million

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2
Q

There may be _____________ existing species on Earth

A

5-20 million

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3
Q

3 examples of the identification of species being important to the world

A

Farmers have to identify which species of crops grow well
Doctors have to identify the species of bacteria we are infected with
Border personnel need to identify any invasive species

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4
Q

What is a species concept?

A

a definition of what a species is

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5
Q

What is morphology?

A

a species concept, focusing on the Body shape, size and other structural features of an organism

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6
Q

What is biology ((as a species concept))?

A

a species concept which focuses on whether or not two organisms can produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

a species concept that focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms

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8
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of morphology.

A

Advantages:
- The relative simplicity of the species concept; is widely used especially for plants.
Disadvantages:
-Having to decide how much difference is too much variation presents a challenge as almost all populations are made up of non-identical individuals

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9
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of the biological species concept.

A

Advantages:
-This species concept is widely used by scientists
Disadvantages:
-Cannot be applied in all cases (ie. if two populations are physically seperated and do not reproduce in nature, the fertile offspring requirement cannot be tested)
-concept cannot be appplied to organisms that reproduce asexually, nor fossil species ((since they are no longer alive obviously))

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10
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of the phylogenetic species concept.

A

Advantages:
-can be applied to extinct species
-considers information about relationships learned from DNA analysis; a method scientists are using more and more.
Disadvantages:
-Evolutionary histories are not known for all species.

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11
Q

Define Taxonomy.

A

TAXIS means arrangement and NAMOS means law, it is the practice and the branch of biology that identifies and classifies organisms

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12
Q

Who is Carolus Linnaeus?

A

A swedish botanist who created the system of taxonomy 300 years ago. He used simple characteristics to identify different species and organize them in groups.

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13
Q

What did the system of Taxonomy created by Carolus Linnnaeus enable people to do?

A

It enabled people to identify an organism by comparing its appearance to a checklist of characteristics.

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14
Q

What languages are the names of species based on and why?

A

Species names are based on Greek or Latin words because the system of naming organisms was created in the 1700’s and they were common languages of science in that time period.

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15
Q

T/F: Organisms are always very similar within a kingdom.

A

F: Organisms have a varying degree of similarity within a kingdom.

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16
Q

What is each group in the system of hierarchical classification called?

A

Taxon

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17
Q

What are the three Domains?

A

Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

18
Q

What are the 8 levels of hierarchical classification?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

19
Q

Describe Archaea

A

single celled, no nucleus, live in extreme conditions

20
Q

Describe Bacteria

A

Single celled, no nucleus, live in moderate conditions

21
Q

Describe Eukarya

A

Single or multi-celled, have a true nucleus

22
Q

What are the longest and most general taxon?

A

Kingdoms

23
Q

What are the smallest taxon and how many organisms are they comprised of ?

A

Species, only consist of a single organism

24
Q

What do Taxon Species include

A

members that resemble each other so closely that they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

25
Q

Descrbe Animalia and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Kingdom

Eukaryotic, Mobile, feed on other organisms

26
Q

Describe Chordata and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Phylum

Have a spinal cord

27
Q

Describe Mammalia and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Class

have hair, produce milk, feed their young

28
Q

Describe Rodentia and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Order

2 continuously growing incisors in lower and upper jaw

29
Q

Describe Sciuridae and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Family

Bushy tails, Tufted ears, Cheek pouches- the squirrels and chipmunks

30
Q

Describe Sciurus and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: Genus

Bushy tailed tree squirrels

31
Q

Describle vulgaris and what taxon it falls under

A

Taxon: species

the red tree squirrel

32
Q

What is Binomial Nomenclature

A

A system of using a two word name of each species. The first word is the name of the genus the organism is classified in, with the first letter of this name capitalized. The second word identifies the particular species, and its first letter is lower-case.

33
Q

Diiversity between species begins with _________________________

A

diversity within a species

34
Q

What is Natural selection

A

The process by which new species evolve and adapt to the environment

35
Q

What is a mutation

A

a random change in DNA of an organism

36
Q

When is a mutation beneficial?

A

When it may help an organism adapt to the environment

37
Q

When is a mutation harmful?

A

When it prevents a species or organism from making a necessary protein that it needs to survive

38
Q

What is asexual reproduction and what are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

When a cell splits in two in order to reproduce.

advantages: They need only one parent and thus there is no need to go through the effort of finding a mate
disadvantage: a change or disruption in their environment will be passed on to all their offspring since they all have identical DNA.

39
Q

What is the advantage and disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

A

advantage: it provides variation in every generation and the continual recombination of genetic material allows the evolution of many new characteristics
disadvantage: Involves finding a mate

40
Q

Define the term Homologous and give an example

A

Biological features that have a common origin but serve different functions. ex: The human arm and bat wing appear different on the outside and serve different purposes but they have similar bone structures.

41
Q

Define the term Analogous and give an example

A

Biological features that have a similar function but a different origin. ex: a bird wing and an insect wing both serve the purpose of flying but both have very different internal structures.

42
Q

Name the six kingdoms

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Plantae, Protista, Animalia, Fungi

Biology (3 decks)

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