quiz 1 Flashcards
phase 1 and 2
How many phases are in the precede proceed model?
lecture 1
8 phases
What is the precede-proceed model?
lecture 1
health assessment and planning model
What does precede do?
Precede is phases 1-4
lecture 1
specify measurabe objectives and baselines
in other words: assessment
What does proceed do?
Proceed is phases 5-8
lecture 1
monitor and continue quality improvement
in other words: implementation and evaluation
What phase are we in right now, assessment or intervention?
lecture 1
assessment
define intervention
lecture 1
an action/set of activities designed to positively influence health behavior, knowledge, and attitude within specific populations, aimed to prevent disease and improve health by targeting modifiable factors that contribute to health
What factors might affect community health?
lecture 1
- physical factors
- social factors
- individual behavior
- community organization
Define factors that might affect community health
physical factors
lecture 1
- geography
- environment
- community size
- industrial development
Define factors that might affect community health
social factors
lecture 1
- community
- economy
- politics
- social norms
- socioeconomic status
- culture
- religion
- beliefs, traditions, norms
Define factors that might affect community health
individual behavior
lecture 1
examples are the following:
- drinking while driving (affects community)
- not eating healthy –> fast food (affects individual)
Define factors that might affect community health
community organization
lecture 1
how a community can solve problems
helps us in implementing intervention by highlighting community assets and providing resources and not duplicating services
Phase 1 focuses on what?
lecture 1
social assessment
- quality of life indicators
bigger picture; emotions
Phase 2 focuses on what?
lecture 1
epidemiological assessment
- health issue (disease, illness, etc.)
- behavior
- environment
- genetic
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what is the goal of a social assessment?
identify gaps between what exists and what ought to exist so that you can design a program to reduce those gaps
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what do we do for a social assessment?
lecture 2
gauge needs, opinions, assumption, key issues and/or assets within a community
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what are the need categories?
lecture 2
- health
- educational
- resources
- social
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what are the two types of needs?
lecture 2
- actual needs - what the community needs based on data
- perceived needs - what the community wants (for this you can go to close ones of individuals to find out more info if needed)
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what is primary data vs secondary data?
types of data
lecture 2
primary: going to the target population and finding information by self
secondary: viewing reports from organizations such as CDC, WHO, etc.
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
define quality of life
Quality of Life
lecture 2
perception of an individual/group that their needs are being met
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what are some quality of life indicators?
Quality of Life
lecture 2
- safety
- social belonging
- governance
- politics
- income
- employment
- work-life balance
- education
- leisure
- relationships
- stress
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
what are some QOL tools?
Quality of Life
lecture 2
- asset mapping and capacity analysis
- social reconnaissance
- forums and group discussion
- individual data collection
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
asset mapping (1) and capacity analysis (2)
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
1) describing and literally mapping the assets in a given community
2) assessment of the capacities and skills of individuals
- primary building blocks: entities that exist by the community and in the community
- secondary building blocks: entities that exist in the community but are controlled outside of the community
- potential building blocks: resources that if they existed would solve an issue in the community
this promotes community empowerment
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
social reconnaissance
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
the use of community leaders to determine relevant aspects of social structure, processes, and the needs of community
they will do the following:
- identify perceived needs
- rank and prioritize needs/problems
- organize the community
- assist in the devlopment of the action plan
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
nominal group technique
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
small group consisting of 5-7 individuals
brainstorming method where individuals generate ideas independently, share them in a group, discuss for clarity, and then rank or vote to prioritize the best options
pros:
- equal participation
- reduces bias and groupthink (more anonymity)
- efficient prioritization
- structured and organized
cons:
- time consuming
- limited in-depth discussion
- potential for voting too quickly without properly analyzing
- less representative b/c of few people
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
focus group
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
medium group of community members 6-12
those involved are homogenous on relevant characteristics to help represent a larger group. unstructured interviews are done to discuss topic and share feelings, attitudes, and ideas. everything is then analyzed to draw conclusions about the attitudes and practices of the larger group the focus group represents
pros:
- low cost
- easy to arrange and doesn’t require too much time from participants
- rich in depth data
cons:
- moderator required so possible bias can stem and members are dependent on the moderator’s skill
- small so generalizing their interaction to larger groups are not easy
- yield data that are exclusively qualitative
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
community forum
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
an open meeting with all interested persons invited to attend/participate
pros:
- inclusive
- encourages engagement
- identifies local health issues
- cost effective
cons:
- dominant voices
- lack of depth
- potential for conflict
- limited representation
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
observation
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
pros:
- real world data
- unbiased insights when unaware of being observed
- useful for studying behavior
- can be low cost
cons:
- privacy issues
- observer bias
- time consuming
- limited control
- not representative of whole
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
surveys
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
- structured interview (face-to-face)
- telephone surveys
- mail-out questionnaires
- delphi technique
- traditional knowledge test
Phase 1 - Social Assessment
What characteristics must be kept in mind when choosing a QOL tool
Quality of Life Tools
lecture 2
- representativeness of the sample
- reliable: consistency of the answers
- valid: accuracy of the measurement, aka, is the survey well designed
