Quiz #1

Question 1

Three virtues of philosophy

Answer 1

1. clarity of definition
2. reasonableness
3. logical consistency

Question 2

What is philosophy? (definition)

Answer 2

the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom due to the wonder of something made strange

Question 3

Metaphysics

Answer 3

being (is-ness)
- not how you know things rather reality & being

Question 4

Epistemology

Answer 4

the study of how we know things

Question 5

Ethics

Answer 5

the good
- the nature of the good and how we know the good

Question 6

Aesthetics

Answer 6

dealing with the beautiful

Question 7

Law of identity

Answer 7

idetifying with itself: are what they are and not anything else

Question 8

law of non-contradiction

Answer 8

are what they are and not its opposite

Question 9

law of excluded middle

Answer 9

something either is or isn’t, there is no in-between

Question 10

What is an argument? (defintion)

Answer 10

the process of giving reasons of evidence in support of a belief or a claim

Question 11

reasons must:

Answer 11

1. have clarity
2. reasonableness
3. logically related to conclusion

Question 12

What are premises?

Answer 12

statements of evidence (truths)
- present evidence for the conclusion

Question 13

What is a conclusion in philosophy?

Answer 13

the main claim

Question 14

What is a fallacy?

Answer 14

faulty/flawed reasoning

Question 15

deductive

Answer 15

general truth (leads to) particular truth

Question 16

inductive

Answer 16

particular examples (lead to) general truth

Question 17

I. fallacy of ambiguity

Answer 17

lack of clarity in a premise

Question 18

II. fallacy of diversion

Answer 18

distract/focus away from argument and toward irrelevant matters

Question 19

III. fallacy of oversimplifying

Answer 19

facts are ignored to convince the listener of a conclusion

Question 20

IV. casual fallacies

Answer 20

misunderstanding/misrepresentation of causes

Question 21

V. built in assumption

Answer 21

assumptions, biases that are not reasoned to prove a claim

Question 22

VI. fallacy of vagueness

Answer 22

lack of clarity in a term

Question 23

VII. fallacy of equivocation

Answer 23

use something in more than one way secretly

Question 24

examples of diversion fallacy

Answer 24

Ad hominem - ignore reasons and attack person
Ad hominem circumstantial - ignore reasons and attack their circumstances
Appeal to false authority - popular persuasion, amount of people that disagree/agree
appeal to force - using force to persuade
appeal to pity & emotions - diversion by appealing to emotions
Straw person fallacy– distort a person’s view create a caricature of a person

Question 25

examples of oversimplification fallacy

Answer 25

reducing to the absurd - create an absurd picture of someone's claim either or fallacy - reduced something to two options

Question 26

example of causal fallacy

Answer 26

non sequitur - conclusion doesn't follow premises - just because something happens with something else doesn't mean it caused it