Quiz 1 Flashcards
Mentalism
the brain doesn’t define who you are (mind is immaterial and distinct)
Dualism
brain and mind make up who you are. both a physical and immaterial being
Materialism
The brain is the bio-substrate of who you are
In ancient Egypt, they believed what was the seat of the soul?
heart
Who was the first doctor named in history?
Imhotep
Hippocrates’ beliefs
- body composed of 4 humors (no role for the brain)
- illness caused by the body, not spirits
Three souls and the ancient Greeks
- head = rationality
- heart = passions
- liver = basic functions
Plato
- mentalism
- intellectual soul was immortal and passed from body to body
- intellectuals = head, military = heart, peasants = liver
Aristotle
- brain acted as a radiator from the heart
- soul was not separate from body (materialism ish)
what does psyche mean?
soul or mind
Galen
- animal spirits stored in ventricles of the brain
- soul emanated from the heart or whole body
- brain connected to the body via nerves
- sensory nerves were soft, motor hard (5 senses)
Nemesius
ventricles had specific properties
Avicenna
- dualism
- thought experiment of complete deprivation
Brainaissance
the soul became localized to the head
Vesalius
founder of human anatomy
- dissections after the black plague
- brain was the seat of the soul
Descartes
- dualist
- consciousness and awareness
- humans and animals are like machines BUT we have a rational soul
Cogito Ergo Sum
I am what I am (soul would still exist without the body)
Where did Descartes believe was the seat of the soul?
Pineal gland (controlled animal spirits)
Thomas Willis
- materialism
- coined the term neurology
- most detailed account of the brain
- moved on from spirits and used science
John Locke
- materialsim
- ideas arise from experience
- tabula rasa (blank slate) without innate ideas
Thomas Hobbs
- materialist
- spirit is meaningless
Behavioral neuroscience view
all mental processes can be altered by manipulation of the nervous system
What distinguishes animals from other life forms?
Motility
General evolution of the nervous system
segmentation, gangliation, and encephalization
Cnidareans (jellyfish)
- nerve net, no CNS
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- bilateral symmetry
- ganglia
Annelids (earthworms)
- segments
- ganglia joined by commisures
- true CNS
- somatosensory system
- complex movement that is previse and forceful
What does the ganglia and commisures resemble?
Spinal cord
