quiz 1 Flashcards
what organ system regulates temperature?
integumentary
what organ system provides protection and support
skeletal
what organ system removes foreign substances
lymphatic
what organ system regulates blood pH
respiratory
what organ system produces body heat and movements
muscular
what organ system performs absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes
digestive
what organ system detects sensations and controls movement
nervous system
what organ system removes waste from the blood
urinary
what organ system influences metabolism and secretes hormone
endocrine
what organ system transports nutrients and gases
cardiovascular
what organ system produces eggs and sperm cells
reproduction
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye
nasal
nose
oral
mouth
cervical
neck
pectoral
chest
sternal
breastbone
mammary
breast
abdominal
abdomen
umbilical
naval (belly button)
pelvic
pelvis
inguinal
groin
pubic
genital
otic
ear
buccal
cheek
mental
chin
clavicular
collarbone
axillary
armpit
brachial
arm
antecubital
elbow pit
antebrachial
forearm
carpal
wrist
palmar
palm
digital
fingers
coxal
hip
femoral
thigh
patellar
kneecap
crural
shin
occiptal
base of skull/neck hairline
nuchal
back of neck
scapular
shoulder blade
vertebral
spine
lumbar
“back dimples”
sacral
butt crack
gluteal
butt
perineal
between bootyhole and coochie
a structure above another structure
superior
a structure below another structure
inferior
a structure closer to the head than another structure
cephalic
a structure closer to the tailbone than another structure
caudal
the front of the body
anterior/ventral
the back of the body
posterior/dorsal
closer to the point of attachment(always hip or shoulder) than another structure
proximal
farther from attachment point than another structure
distal
away from the midline of the body
lateral
toward the midline of the body
medial
closer to the surface of the body
superficial
farther from the surface of the body
deep
plane that is cut into top half and bottom half
transverse
plane cut down the midline of the body, left and right
sagittal
plane that cuts the body in front to back
frontal/coronal
what is anatomy
study of the structure of body parts
what is physiology
study of the function of body parts
what is gross anatomy
study of large structures visible to the naked eye
what is microscopic anatomy
study of structures aided by a microscope
what is cytology
study of the cells of the body
what is histology
study of the tissues of the body
what is developmental anatomy
study of structural changes
what is embryology
study of developmental changes in the first 8 weeks
what is systemic anatomy
studying the structure of the body system by system
what is regional anatomy
studying the structures of the body region by region
what is surface anatomy
studying external surface of the body and relation to deeper structures
what is anatomic imaging
x-rays, ultrasound, mri, ct
six levels of organization of the body
chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
what is the chemical level composed of
atoms and molecules
____ combine to form molecules
atoms
molecules combine to form ____
cells
what is the cell level made up of
cells
similar cells join together to form _____
tissues
what is tissue level made of
groups of similar cells with common function
what are the 4 types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what is the organ level composed of
at least 2 types of tissue but usually 4
what makes of the organ system level
group of organs with common function
what is the organism level made of
all the systems
what does the plasma membrane form
the outer cell boundary
what does the plasma membrane seperate
the internal environment from the external environment of the cell
what are the 4 things the cytoplasm is made of
cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, organelles
control center of the cell
nucleus
contains dna
nucleus
regulates what gets in and out of the cell
plasma membrane
what is the plasma membrane composed of
lipids(fats), proteins, carbohydrates(sugars)
2 predominant lipids of the plasma membrane
phospholipids and cholesterol
what lipid provides stability for the PM
cholesterol
what lipid makes up the majority of the PM
phospholipids
what are the functions of the proteins of the PM
markers, attachment sites, channels, receptors, enzymes
cell to cell recognition
marker molecules
attach cells to other cells
attachment proteins
transportation of substances in and out of a cell
channel proteins
binding cites that can attach to specific substances
receptor proteins
catalyze
speed up
speeds up chemical reactions on inner or outer surface of PM
enzymes
moves substances from one side to another on PM
carrier proteins
where are carbohydrates of the PM found
extracellular surface
where does the most cellular activities take place
cytoplasm
what is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
cytosol
what is the cell skeleton
cytoskeleton
what provides support and structure of the cell
cytoskeleton
what is involved with the movement of cellular structures
cytoskeleton
what are inclusions
miscellaneous substances like melanin or hemoglobin
what is the machinery of the cell
organelle
where is the site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum has
rough er and smooth er
what er has ribosomes on the external surface
rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
what er has no ribosomes or role in protein synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
what er stores Ca ions in muscle cells
smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER)
what modifies and packages proteins(RER) and lipids(SER)
golgi apparatus
what contains acidic enzymes
lysosomes
hydrolytic
acidic
what is abundant in phagocytes
lysosomes
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
produces ATP
mitochondria
moves materials over the surface of cells(extension of pm)
cilia
fingerlike projections of pm
microvilli
increases surface area of cell
microvilli
4 types of cell junctions
desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions
anchoring junctions
desmosomes
what cell junction binds cells to one another
desmosomes
what cell junction attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
what cell junction prevents substances from passing between 2 cells
tight junction
what cell junction is cell to cell communication
gap junction
