nervous tissue Flashcards
what function senses a change in stimuli
sensory function
what function analyzes changes and makes decisions on what should happen?
integrative function
what function responds to stimuli after the decision is made?
motor function
what does the central nervous system(cns) consist of?
brain and spinal cord
what does peripheral nervous system(pns) consist of?
all other nervous system structures
PNS is divided into what 2 other systems?
somatic and autonomic nervous system(SNS, ANS)
what system controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?
somatic nervous system(SNS)
what does the autonomic nervous system(ANS) control?
smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands (involuntary)
what 2 systems is the autonomic nervous system divided into?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous divisions
activated in stressful situations aka “fight or flight” and during times of physical activity
sympathetic division
what would the activation of the sympathetic division result in?
pounding heart, rapid/deep breathing, cold/sweaty skin, dilated pupils
what division controls resting and non-stressful situations aka “rest and digest”?
parasympathetic
what are the 2 major categories of cells found in the nervous system?
glial cells and neurons
what are the supporting cells of the nervous system, also known as neuroglia?
glial cells
what are the 6 types of glial cells?
astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, satellite cells
which type of glial cell helps regulate which substances from the blood can reach neurons? what system is this involved with?
astrocytes, cns
astrocytes promote the formation of tight junctions between epithelial cells of capillaries forming the what?
blood-brain barrier
what does the blood-brain barrier regulate? and where does it move into?
movements of materials from the blood, into brain and cerebrospinal fluid(csf)
which glial cell type: cells with cilia produce and move cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal cells
which glial cell type: phagocytes within the CNS
microglia
which glial cell type produces myelin within the CNS? within PNS?
oligodendrocytes; schwann cells
which glial cell type surrounds neuron cell bodies with ganglia
satellite cells
each neuron consists of what?
cell body, 2 types of processes(axon and dendrites)
what does the cell body contain? cell body also known as?
nucleus, organelles, and cytosol; soma
clusters of cell bodies within the CNS are called what?
nuclei
clusters of cell bodies within the PNS are called what?
ganglia
which part of the neuron receives electrical impulses?
dendrites
what part of the neuron carries electrical impulses away from the cell body?
axon
where does the axon carry electrical impulses towards?
another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cells
what are the bulb shaped ends of the axon called?
presynaptic terminal
what does the presynaptic terminal contain? what does this store?
synaptic vessels; neurotransmitters
what are most axons surrounded by?
myelin sheaths
myelin sheaths insulate what? speed up the conduction of what?
neuron; nervous impulses
nervous impulses are also known as
action potentials
what are myelin sheath formed by in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
what are myelin sheaths formed by in the PNS?
schwann cells
what is it called when adjacent oligodendrocytes OR schwann cells meet?
interruption in the myelin sheath
what is the interruption in the myelin sheath called
nodes of ranvier
what type of channels do the nodes of ranvier contain?
bunches of Na and K channels
what are neurons that have axons covered with myelin sheath called? not covered with myelin sheaths?
myelinated neurons; unmyelinated neurons
how do action potentials travel along the axons of myelinated neurons? unmyelinated neurons?
saltory conduction; continuous conduction
regions of the CNS that consist of mainly myelinated axons? (typically white in color)
white matter
regions of CNS that consist of mainly cell bodies and unmyelinated axons?(typically gray in color)
gray matter
what are sensory neurons also referred to as?
afferent neurons
sensory neurons conduct action potentials towards or away the CNS?
towards
what are motor neurons also referred to as?
efferent neurons
motor neurons conduct action potentials towards or away the CNS?
away
what are interneurons also referred to as?
association neurons
how do interneurons conduct action potentials within the CNS?
from one neuron to another
what structural classification would have on axon and many dendrites?
multipolar neurons
what structural classification would have one axon and one dendrite?
bipolar neurons
what structural classification would have one axon and no dendrites?
unipolar neurons
