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History Parcial 2 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

External causes of Mexico independence

A
  1. France controlled Spain
  2. Ideas from the French and American revolution
  3. High taxes from Spain for more money
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2
Q

Internal causes for Mexico Independence

A
  1. Social differences
  2. Abuse of power
  3. Bourbonic Reforms
  4. Nationalism
  5. Political/governmental office unavailable for everyone
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3
Q

What were the Bourbonic Reforms

A

Laws that Spain passed because they wanted political control over New Spain. This affected the Criollos because they had the most to lose

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4
Q

Social levels

A
  1. Spaniards
  2. Criollos
  3. Mestizos
  4. Mulatos
  5. Indígenas
  6. Esclavos
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5
Q

Spaniards

A

People from Spain living in New Spain

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6
Q

Criollos

A

Children of Spaniards living in New Spain

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7
Q

Mestizos

A

Mixture of whites and indigenous

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8
Q

Mulatos

A

Half African & American

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9
Q

Indígenas

A

Native indigenous community

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10
Q

Esclavos

A

Brought from Africa

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11
Q

How many conspiracies were made

A

3 but 2 were discovered. The third one planed in Queretaro was successful

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12
Q

When was the independence planned and when did it really happen

A

It was planned for October 2, 1810 but happened in September 16 because Spain found out

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13
Q

The independence movement was very controversial what were the groups that confronted each other during the war?

A
  1. Royalist: fought behalf the Spanish crown
  2. Autonomists: fought for interest of the New Spain (conservatives)
  3. Insurgents: fought for independence (hidalgo&Allende)
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14
Q

Decreto de Valladolid: demands of the people

A

Abolition of slavery
Exemption of taxes
Laws for protection of native people
Set Catholicism as the main religion

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15
Q

Who wrote sentimientos de la nación?

A

Jose Maria Morelos

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16
Q

Who becomes leaders after hidalgos death

A

Jose Maria Morelos y Pavón becomes leader

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17
Q

What do the sentimientos de la nación include

A

-America is free
-the catholic is the only religion
-liberal government
-prohibition of slavery and discrimination of the caste system

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18
Q

What happens that help the insurgents

A

Napoleon is exiled and king Fernand reinstated and had removed all liberal ideology from the government.

19
Q

What happened in 1820

A

Spaniards rebels against the crown and force the king to accept the constitution of Cadiz which advocated for Mexico independence wand was liberal

20
Q

Characters that gain Mexico independence

A

Vicente Guerrero (insurgent) Agustin de Iturbide (royalist who betrays Spain and joins fight for independence)

21
Q

Plan de iguala

A
  • independent Mexican nation would be a constitutional monarchy
    -Roman Catholicism religion would be given a monopoly
    -Criollos and peninsulares would be treated the same
22
Q

What were the three guaranties

A

Independence, religion, and union

23
Q

Treaty of cordoba

A

Recognized the Mexican independence

24
Q

What happened after the treaty of cordoba?

A

Agustín de Iturbide leads the army of the 3 Guarantees and marches into Mexico City

25
Q

What government is established

A

Constitutional monarchy as Iturbide as emperor

26
Q

After Iturbide becomes emperor what happens

A

He leaves the throne and Mexico under pressure from Santa Anna and Mexico becomes a federal republic

27
Q

Constitution of 1824

A

A temporary government is installed under Guadalupe Victoria. And he drafts a federalism constitution. Which states:
Designates 20 states, 4 territories, and 1 DF
National sovereignty
Division of powers
Privileges of military and clergy
No protection of individual rights

28
Q

Independent governments 1824-1855

A

Guadalupe Victoria (federalism)
Vicente Guerrero (liberal)
Anastasio Bustamante (conservative)
Antonio López de Santa Anna (liberal)

29
Q

Why did France attack (pastry war)

A

Because Mexico failed to pay their debts to france

30
Q

Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty

A

Mexico accepts Rio Grande as their new frontier to give New Mexico, Arizona and upper California to the US

31
Q

Ayutla revolution

A

Due to the bad conditions of the country plan de Ayutla was made as a revolution to remove Santa Anna from power

32
Q

Liberal reforms : Ley Juarez

A

Restricted military and clergy privileges

33
Q

Liberal reforms : Ley Ocampo

A

Took away voting privileges of the clergy

34
Q

Liberal reforms : Ley Iglesias

A

Prohibited the collection of fees (diezmó) from the poor

35
Q

Liberal reforms : Ley Lerdo

A

Prohibited civil corporations and the church from owning land

36
Q

War of reform

A

Civil war of 3 years due to conflict between conservatives and liberals about the constitution of 1857. The country had two governments at this time

37
Q

Laws of reform 1859

A

-civil marriage
-secularization of cemeteries
-civil registration
-freedom of religion (suppression of religious holidays)
-nationalization of the goods of the clergy and the separation of church and state

38
Q

What happened in 1861

A

Juarez becomes president but is interrupted by the French intervention

39
Q

French intervention

A

Due to many foreign depts France invades Mexico

40
Q

Second Mexican empire

A

Liberals: Benito Juarez republic
Conservatives: Maximilian of Hapsburg

41
Q

End of the second Mexican empire

A

Napoleon and Maximilian receives threats from the US. Maximilian tries to form an army without Frances help. Maximilian is left unprotected and left killed along his supporters miramos and Mejia

42
Q

Juarez Doctrine and influence

A

-No intervention
-defense against national sovereignty
-equality among states
-free education
-nationalism
-separation of church and state

43
Q

What happened at the end

A

Porfirio días revolted against Juarez. Juarez died of a heart attack

History Parcial 2 (2 decks)

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