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History Parcial 2 > Parcial 2 > Flashcards

Parcial 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

We’re does it all start?

A

England 1780

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2
Q

How is the state of England?

A
  1. Agricultural Revolution
  2. Increase of food supply
  3. Investing in factories
  4. Raw materials
  5. Supply markets
  6. Transportation
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3
Q

New inventions like:

A

The spinning Jenny made by James hargeaves and the steam engine by James watt

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4
Q

What effect did the steam engine have on families houses

A

It permitted factories to be located far from water because the steam engine produced pressure

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5
Q

Factors needed for Industrialization

A

1.Land
2. Capital
3. Labor

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6
Q

Effects of industrialization

A

Social
Working conditions
Socio-political concepts

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7
Q

What were the social impacts

A

-two new social clases were created (industrial middle class people who built factories, and industrial working class people who worked in factories).
- capitalism
-industrial capitals
-urbanization

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8
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system based on trade (private owners)

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9
Q

Industrial capitalsm

A

Economic system based on industrial production

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10
Q

What is urbanization and its effects in the Industrial Revolution

A

Moving closer to the factories. Overpopulation=poor living conditions

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11
Q

Example of poor working conditions

A
  1. People worked 14-16 hrs a day
  2. Women earned 1/6 of the pay
  3. If you complained or were sick you would get fired
  4. Children worked 8hrs for 6 days a week
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12
Q

What is socialism

A

An economic system were the government or community owns and controls some businesses

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13
Q

Communism

A

Common ownership of the means of production (higher level than socialism)

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14
Q

Anarchism

A

Society without government. Voluntary cooperation

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15
Q

Syndicalism

A

A system or move made by workers to promote or persue a certain interest

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16
Q

Corporation

A

A business that is espérate from the people who own it. They own property,invest,make contracts, and get sued.

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17
Q

Liberalism

A

A belief that people should be as free as possible without the government restraining. Civil liberties

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18
Q

Nationalism

A

A respect for a unique identity of people. Belief that they should have their own government

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19
Q

Revolutions 1830 cause and effect France:

A

Cause: liberals
Effect: French liberals overthrew monarchy and established a constitutional monarchy

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20
Q

Revolutions 1830 cause and effect Belgium:

A

Cause: nationalism
Effect: nationalists rose up against Dutch control and created an independent state

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21
Q

Revolutions 1830 cause and effect Poland:

A

Cause: nationalism
Effect: Russian authorities crushed the uprising of the try to make Poland independent

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22
Q

Revolutions 1830 cause and effect Italy:

A

Cause: nationalism
Effects: Austrian troop controled nationalist revolts in many Italian states

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23
Q

French Revolution of 1789-1799

A

Causes: the peasants hated the country and the country was also bankrupt
Gov after Revolution: republic
Changes: wrote the declaration of rights and became a republic.

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24
Q

French Revolution of 1830

A

Causes: took away a lot of freedom of vote
Gov after republic: constitutional monarchy
Changes: members of the chair were now nominated

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25
Q

French Revolution of 1848

A

Causes:economic depresion and the king refused to extend voting proviladges to the middle class
Gov after Revolution: republic
Changes: the 2nd republic had a constitution a president and a legislative body

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26
Q

Impact of French revolution of 1848 on Germany

A
  • demand for change led German rulers to promise reforms
  • Frankfurt assembly failed to unify Germany
  • protest broke out in Austria
  • revolutions for independence in Hungary and Bohemia
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27
Q

Revolutions in Central Europe

A

-In the Austrian Empire the German speaking royals ruled many nationalities.
- in 1848 many protest happened in major cities
- Austrian government controled the revolutionaries
-by 1848 the revolutions were defeated

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28
Q

How was Italy?

A

It was divided into 9 states

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29
Q

When did Italy get unified and what were the effects

A

In 1848 Italy was unified. Through liberal constitutions Italians had more self determination. By 1849 the revolutions had failed

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30
Q

The Crimean war 1853

A
  1. Russia wanted access to southern ports
  2. So Russia invaded Turkish provinces
  3. The ottoman Turks declare war with Russia
  4. Russia was defeated in 1856
  5. Russia and Austria became enemies and the concert of Europe was destroyed
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31
Q

Effects of the Crimean War

A
  1. Treaty of Paris (Russia gives back the territories it stole)
  2. Destruction of the concert of Europe (Russia and Austria are now enemies so Russia is lest without support of other allies)
  3. Opens the door of unification of Italy and Germany
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32
Q

Who controled majority of the Italian peninsula

A

Austria

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33
Q

What Production method grew in the Industrial Revolution?

A

Cottage industry

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34
Q

Who and what did the spinning Jenny do

A

James Hargreaves invented it and it made the threading wear faster

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35
Q

What was the water-powered loom and who invented it

A

Edmund Cartwright invented it and it was like the speaking Jenny but for cloth

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36
Q

What was the steam engine and who invented it

A

James Watt. And it was invented the engine to power the machinery.

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37
Q

What improvement did they make to the steam engines and what were its effects

A

The steam engine could later be powered by coal so there was no need for factories to be located by rivers

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38
Q

What was Britain’s most valuable good

A

Cotton

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39
Q

What would happen if the workers did not do their best in their job

A

They were fined or fired. Kids were beaten up to keep them working

40
Q

What was the process of pudding and who invented it

A

Henry Cort invented a process in which coke which was derived from coal was used to burn the impurities of iron and therefore produce high quality iron.

41
Q

What mean of moving resources transform the Industrial Revolution

A

Railroads

42
Q

Positive effects of railroads

A

More jobs for farm laborers and peasants
Less $$ transportation
Lower priced goods

43
Q

What made it difficult for France to industriaize

A

Not much coal

44
Q

True or false the industrial resvolition happened at the same time in the whole world

A

False

45
Q

What helped Germany with its industrialization

A

Rich in iron
Rich in coal
Unification of the German state made railroad transportation easier

46
Q

What transportation was placed in US to make industrialization easier

A

Steamboats and railroads

47
Q

Reasons why the European population grew so much

A
  1. Increase in food supply
  2. Decline in wars
  3. Less diseases
48
Q

What was commercial capitalism

A

Economic system based on trade

49
Q

What was industrial capitalism

A

And economic system based on industrial production

50
Q

What were the bourgeois

A

The middle class

51
Q

Which factorie had the worst conditions

A

The cotton Mils

52
Q

What was the Factory Act of 1833

A

An act that set nine as the minimum age for employment and limited hours for older children

53
Q

What effect came after limiting the hrs of women and children

A

Women took over daily care and family and they took over low paying jobs that could be done at home

54
Q

The bad conditions of the Industrial Revolution created what movement

A

Socialism

55
Q

What is socialism

A

Society controls and owns some means of production such as factories and utilities

56
Q

What did the Chancellor of Germany respond to the socialist movement

A

He created old age pensions like accident insurance, medical care, and unemployment insurance. Later France copied him

57
Q

What happened in France Revolution in 1848

A

The king took away the right for the middle class to vote so the monarchy was overthrown and a temporary republic was established.

58
Q

What did the provisional government do that failed

A

It created national workshops to provide work for the unemployed. The workshops became oversaturated which let to their closing,

59
Q

What happened after they closed the workshops

A

People protested and they ended up killing them or sending them to a French prision

60
Q

Who was the president of the second republic of France

A

Charles Luis Napoleon Bonaparte the nephew of Napoleon the 1 won the elections to become king

61
Q

What was the Frankfurt Assembly

A

Germany cried for change so they called the assembly to create a new constitution for the new and united Germany with liberal and nationalism beliefs.

62
Q

Did the Frankfurt Assembly work yes or no and why?

A

No because it failed to gain support and the German rulers did not achieve of the constitution so the German unification was not achieved.

63
Q

The Austrian empire was a multinational empire what are some countries that were part of it?

A

Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks, Romanians,Ukrainians and Italians

64
Q

The Austrian empire was a multinational empire what are some countries that were part of it?

A

Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks, Romanians,Ukrainians and Italians

65
Q

What country played a role on governing the Austrian Empire

A

Germany

66
Q

What was the Austrian Empire technique for keeping people happy

A

Giving them their own legislature

67
Q

Did any Revolution against the Austrian Emprire work before 1849

A

No

68
Q

What were the three states that divides Italy

A

The kindom of piedmont (in the north)
the two Sicilies(Naples and Sicily)
The Papal States (small states)
Lombardo and Venetia (part of the Austrian empire

69
Q

What states of Italy started a revolt

A

Lombardy and Venetia started a revolt against Austria and looked to create liberal constitutions and unify Italy but Austria won and still had complete control over Italy

70
Q

There were many failures of the Revolution in 1848 but why did so many fail?

A
  1. The liberal and radical revolutionaries were divided in goals so the conservative rule was kept established.
  2. Minorities fought each other instead of joining together to fight the old empire
71
Q

What was the result of the long term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire

A

The Crimean war

72
Q

Why did Russia want to expand its territory into the Ottoman land

A

Because this expansion would allow Russian ships better in the sea. If Russia achievied this it would become a major power in Europe

73
Q

What happened in the Crimean war

A

The ottoman Turks declared war with Russia. France and Great Britain were scared of what would happen if Russia wins the war so they sided with ottoman. Russia losses and seeks peace

74
Q

What was the treaty of Paris

A

Russia agreed to leave the territory it stole to the great powers

75
Q

What effect did the Crimean war have on Europe

A

It destroyed the concert of Europe
Austria and Russia were now enemies because Austria did not support Russia in the war
Russia did not participate in European affairs for the next 20 years

76
Q

What opened the door for Italy and Germany unification

A

Austria was left with no allies

77
Q

Who became the new leader of southern Italy

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

78
Q

Who was the ruler of Piedmont

A

King Victor Emmanuel II

79
Q

What territories join Piedmont

A

Lombardy was given to Piedmont and other Italian states overthrew their government to join Piemont. And Garibaldi gave its conquests to Piedmont.

80
Q

What territories were missing to join Piedmont

A

Venetia in the north and Rome that was controled by the people and French troops

81
Q

How did the Italians gained control over Venetia

A

By supporting Prussia in a war between Prussia and Austria

82
Q

How did the Italian army get Rome

A

During the Franco-Prussian war the French army troops withdrew from Rome. So Rome became the capital of the new European state

83
Q

What did the Germans do after failed to achieve unification

A

Looked for Prussia for leadership.

84
Q

What was Prussia known for

A

For its militarism which made it a strong and prosperous state

85
Q

Who becomes the new prime minister of Prussia

A

Count Otto von Bismarck

86
Q

What was politics of reality and who practitioned it

A

It is a politics based on practical matters rather than on ethics and it was made by Count Otto von Bismarck

87
Q

What was the results of German states fear of France

A

Sign military alliances with Prussia for protection against France

88
Q

What caused the Franco Prussian war in 1870

A

A dispute over the candidacy of a Prussian king for the king of Spain

89
Q

How did the Franco Prussian war end

A

By France paying prussia

90
Q

Who became the proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Empire

A

William I

91
Q

What factores maintained peace in Great Britain

A

Middle class could now vote
New social and political reforms
Economic growth
Quien victoria

92
Q

What was going on with France

A

The monarchy was restored after Luis Napoleon made a fake election were people voted for the restoration of the empire 97% said yes so the second empire began

93
Q

How was Napoleon III way of govermenting

A

Authoritarian

94
Q

How did Napoleon III distract the country from its loss of civil liberties

A

By expanding the economy and improving and modernizing the city

95
Q

How did the second empire fell

A

Napoleon began to liberalize his government due to protest but they were defeated after the z Franco-Prussian war

96
Q

What compromise did Austria do with Hungary?

A

Due to nationalistic Hungarians they made a compromise of a dual monarchy =Austria-Hungary

97
Q

Who was the emperor of Austria and Hungary

A

Francis Joseph

History Parcial 2 (2 decks)

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